Cattle production, Mitchell Downs Mulga Desert , QLD, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle herd in the R314, QLD including pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm The system boundary ends at the field gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - weaners, prime cattle and culled cattle. The direct emissions on the field are also included. Excluded processes: Indirect land use change is not included by default however the details of land use change in R314, QLD is included in parameters of the inventory. Remark: This process is an unallocated coproducing process for cattle production in R314, QLD and should not be used directly in an LCA. For specific products use the allocated inventory processes for specific products. This inventory has been developed as with support from Australian Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grants for the project ?AusAgLCI - enabling continual improvement of sustainability by life cycle impact assessment (INNOV-033)? which is was undertaken by CSIRO Agriculture and Life Cycle Strategies from 2014-2016. Technology: Average Time period: 2010/11 to 2014/15 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU

Sector: Material
Contributor: —
Last updated: 27 Apr 2019
Reference ID: 0968d110-a42a-3f61-a104-307b8682af38

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Documentation

Quantitative reference: Cattle production, Mitchell Downs Mulga Desert , QLD, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure: Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Creation date: 27 Apr 2019
Is copyright protected: No
Is infrastructure process: No
Tags: material
Sources: Land Use of Australia, 2010-11
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2014-15
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment
Farm budgets and costs: Livestock gross margin budgets
Farm Business Planning Tools
Livestock Farm Monitor Project Results 2013/14
National Inventory Report 2013 Volume 1
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00
Rural Solutions SA PIRSA (2015) Farm Gross Margin 2015
Slattery, W, Ridley, A, Windsor, S Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products.
Updated FarmGAS Tools and Support Material

Product outputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle production, Mitchell Downs Mulga Desert , QLD, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	1.0	kg	Unallocation inventory for production of a range of cattle in this region as described in the comment field

Technical inputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle, internal parasite control {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.004675266674817025	Item(s)	Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
Chemical, organic {GLO}\| market for chemical, organic \| Cut-off, U	0.011318850079701522	g	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total cottonseed for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total protein pellets for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total copra for herd.
Diesel {RoW}\| market for diesel \| Cut-off, U	0.06852599999999999	kg	Fuel use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Dry season mix, 30% urea, 5.5% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.1176639981160716	kg	Total dry season lick for herd.
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NSW}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NT}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-QLD}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.047	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-SA}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-VIC}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-WA-SWIS}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	ha	Application of fertiliser to pasture
Forage sorghum, irrigated, Darling Downs QLD {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage sorghum grazed by herd.
Molasses, C-grade, at mill gate, {AU-QLD}\| sugarcane milling \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total molasses for herd.
Native Pasture hay, Northern Australia {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.06545369880495304	kg	Total hay for herd.
Oat grain, dryland, Goldfields, SA_WA, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage oats grazed for herd.
Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}\| market for polyurethane, flexible foam \| Cut-off, U	0.05844083343521281	g	Total weight of ID tags.
Single superphosphate {AU}\| market for single superphosphate \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Single superphosphate for pasture improvement
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.10339793647978374	t*km	Total transport of inputs to region. All assumed to be by articulated truck
Wet season mix, 0% N 21% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wet season mix, 20% GranAm, 40% Kynofos, 40% Salt, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wheat grain, dryland, Maranoa, NSW_Qld, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wheat for herd.

Elementary flow inputs

Flow	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Carbon dioxide, in air	in air	0.0726679084194022	kg	Net atmospheric CO2 absorbed by production system (if positive) or released (if negative) based on
Occupation, grassland, natural, for livestock grazing	—	0.09454083895309351	ha*a	Intersection of livestock region (based on SA2 units) and 2010 Land Use Map (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences 2016) for natural and sown pastures
Water, unspecified natural origin, Burdekin River, QLD, AU	—	16.478988249180208	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Burdekin River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Burdekin River, QLD, AU	—	0.0002129811112786369	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Burdekin River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU	—	0.0000782824825013016	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU	—	6.056950785499069	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Fitzroy River, QLD, AU	—	0.0000098499907292722	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Fitzroy River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Fitzroy River, QLD, AU	—	0.7621233662822562	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Fitzroy River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU	—	11.230429501067093	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU	—	0.00014514661453154728	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Paroo, NSW and QLD, AU	—	0.000032719526614763355	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Paroo, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Paroo, NSW and QLD, AU	—	2.531608044330396	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Paroo, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU	—	0.0006101453687636648	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU	—	47.20877969781108	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.

Elementary flow outputs

Flow	Compartment	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Ammonia	Emission to air	unspecified	0.009113571821649827	kg	NH3 emission
Area grazed	Non material emissions	—	0.09454083895309351	ha	—
Copra feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Cottonseed feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Culled breeders	Non material emissions	—	0.25376836575819545	kg	—
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0	kg	N2O leaching and runoff
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0018869865673165928	kg	Dung and Urine N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.00004717613648854029	kg	N2O atmospheric deposition
Direct electricity	Non material emissions	—	0.047	kWh	—
Dry lick	Non material emissions	—	0.1176639981160716	kg	—
Dung & Urine N2O	Non material emissions	—	0.0018869865673165928	kg	—
Enteric methane	Non material emissions	—	0.43835416030971247	kg	—
Evaporative water loss	Non material emissions	—	1.0891250955083112	m3	—
Hay feed	Non material emissions	—	0.06545369880495304	kg	—
Indirect N2O atm dep	Non material emissions	—	0.00004717613648854029	kg	—
Indirect N2O leaching	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Livestock numbers	Non material emissions	—	1117455.0	Item(s)	—
Manure methane	Non material emissions	—	0.000462310403455864	kg	—
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.43835416030971247	kg	Enteric Methane
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.000462310403455864	kg	Manure Methane
Molasses feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Nitrogen	Emission to water	ground water	0.0	kg	N leached from Dung and Urine
Oats feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
P fertiliser	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Prime cattle	Non material emissions	—	0.7018166224271684	kg	—
Protein pellets feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Quantity of livestock	Non material emissions	—	144331446.08299997	kg	—
Silage feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Sorghum feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Transportation to farm	Non material emissions	—	0.10339793647978374	t*km	—
Water intake of livestock	Non material emissions	—	0.08426887972843898	m3	—
Weaners	Non material emissions	—	0.0444150118146364	kg	—
Wet lick	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Wheat feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
hydrogen ions	Emissions to soil	—	0.00029559437881392575	kg	Net change in H ions due to imports (feriliser, feeds) to and exports (cattle) from the farm

Parameters

Name	Value	Formula	Description
All_PrimeCattle_Eco	0.7179488097454187	(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI
All_Weaners_Mass	0.0444150118146364	kg_Weaners/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
KG_Weaners	6410482.883	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Vaccine_vol	2.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml)
CC_Wet_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KM_Lick	823.1282988	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km)
MAN_CH4	66725.92907	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Manure methane. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
F_Lake_Eyre_NSW_QLD_NT_and_SA	0.133269002	—	Fraction of Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
Drench	674788.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
Copra	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg)
Evap_water_loss	157195.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML). Potential evaporation from long-term annual Australian 5 km potential evaporation surface (Penman, 1981-2010; Donohue et al, 2013). Dam surface area from regional-scale surface hydrology polygons, Geoscience Australia (Crossman and Li 2015).
CC_Sorghum_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.44 of forage sorghum as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
All_Weaners_Eco	0.06693377779810127	(KG_WeanersP_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI
ID_tag	25.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g)
Cattle	1117455.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of livestock carried for the year using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
N_LeachGW	—	TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach)	N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg).
Protein_Pellets	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets fed (kg)
AF_Wet_mix	—	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Elec	0.047	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/kg LW cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
KM_Cottonseed	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km)
BiogenicCO2	—	SOC_change3.667HA_GRAZING*0	Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq
CC_Molasses	0.347	—	Carbon content 0.42 of molasses as delivered assuming moisture content of 17.5%
EFN_Leach	0.0075	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O.
Hay	9447027.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg)
Cows	479439.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
P_PrimeCattle	1.221875	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Prime cattle ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
ATMOS_N2O	6809.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
AF_Cottonseed	—	—	Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Silage	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total weight of silage grown and fed (kg)
All_CulledBreeders_Eco	0.21511741245647995	(KG_CulledBreedersP_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle - default for AusLCI
CC_Silage	0.2	—	Carbon content 0.44 of silage as delivered assuming moisture content of 55%
AF_Cattle	0.34	—	Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.).
CC_cattle	0.046	—	Carbon content 0.152 of cattle as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
NAAR_Inputs	-6409.12752	(Dry_mixAF_Dry_mix+Wet_mixAF_Wet_mix+HayAF_Hay+CopraAF_Copra+MolassesAF_Molasses+CottonseedAF_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsAF_Protein_Pellets+WheatAF_Wheat)/1000	Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer)
AF_Dry_mix	0.012	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
ID_tags	8434850.0	Calves_weaned*ID_tag	Weight of ID tags total (g)
F_Burdekin_River_QLD	0.195552478	—	Fraction of Burdekin River, QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
Tot_P_fert	—	P_fertHA_GrazingPR_fert	Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate
CC_Oats_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.40 of oats as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
LEACH_N2O	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
EconomicAll	1.0	—	By default this is set to 1 for economic allocation of different cattle classes. For mass allocation set to 0.
KG_PrimeCattle	101294208.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Wheat	0.36	—	Carbon content 0.40 of wheat as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
ProductTotal	144331446.08299997	KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners	Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight)
F_Paroo_NSW_and_QLD	0.030042028	—	Fraction of Paroo, NSW and QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
KM_Protein_pellets	600.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km)
Sorghum_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum planed and grazed (ha)
AF_Protein_Pellets	—	—	Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
KM_Molasses	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km)
KM_Copra	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km)
CC_Protein_Pellets	0.405	—	Carbon content 0.50 of protein_pellets as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
TotalTkmRoad	14923573.694125362	(Dry_mixKM_Lick+Wet_mixKM_LICK+HayKM_Hay+CopraKM_Copra+MolassesKM_Molasses+CottonseedKM_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsKM_Protein_Pellets+WheatKM_Wheat)/1000	Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported for articulated trucks.
Water	12162649271.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year)
HA_GRAZING	13645216.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region (based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Fuel_use	11690847.132722998	Fuel*ProductTotal	Fuel used
Elec_use	6783577.965900999	Elec*ProductTotal	Electricity used
SOC_change	—	—	Change in SOC t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer
All_PrimeCattle_Mass	0.7018166224271684	kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle
KM_Hay	100.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km)
F_Warrego_NSW_and_QLD	0.560216059	—	Fraction of Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
Wet_mix	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg)
Oats_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats planted and grazed (ha)
AF_Molasses	—	—	Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Cottonseed	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg)
All_CulledBreeders_Mass	0.25376836575819545	kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
EF_Ent	0.0215	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Enteric Methane emission factor in kg methane per kg of DMI. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
Ent_CH4	63268289.853999995	DMI*EF_Ent	enteric methane (kg) based on DMI and emission factor. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
Fuel	0.081	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/kg LW of cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
DU_N2O	272351.5	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Dry_mix	16982615.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg)
CC_Cottonseed	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.50 of cottonseed as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Vaccine	1633666.0	(Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml).
DMI	2942711156.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter Intake. (Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_Weaners	0.06693377779810127	All_Weaners_EcoEconomicAll+All_Weaners_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
AF_Copra	—	—	Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
AF_Hay	-0.7	—	Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
P_Weaners	1.8	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Weaners ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
C_imported	3778810.8000000003	Dry_mixCC_Dry_mix+Wet_mixCC_Wet_mix+HayCC_Hay+CopraCC_Copra+MolassesCC_Molasses+CottonseedCC_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsCC_Protein_Pellets+WheatCC_Wheat	kg of biogenic carbon in imported feed
Anthelmintics	674788.0	Cows0+Calves_weaned2	Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites
Molasses	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg)
All_PrimeCattle	0.7179488097454187	All_PrimeCattle_EcoEconomicAll+All_PrimeCattle_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled breeding cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
All_Culledbreeders	0.21511741245647995	All_CulledBreeders_EcoEconomicAll+All_CulledBreeders_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
F_Condamine_Balonne_NSW_and_QLD	0.071876484	—	Fraction of Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
P_CulledBreeders	1.0125	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Culled breeders ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Calves_weaned	337394.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number calves weaned using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
C_cattle	6639246.519817999	CC_cattle*ProductTotal	kg of biogenic carbon in cattle leaving the system as products
P_fert	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
NAAR_Cattle	49072.691668219995	producttotal*af_cattle/1000	Change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from export of cattle product
AF_Wheat	—	—	Acid factor for wheat (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_Hay	0.4	—	Carbon content 0.44 of hay as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Lime_purity	0.9	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
F_Fitzroy_River_QLD	0.009043948	—	Fraction of Fitzroy River, QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
C_added	2860435.7198179984	C_cattle-C_imported	Net carbon added by this process, from pasture into cattle less carbon output from cattle via respiration and manure. Assumes soil carbon is stable thorugh the process.
KG_CulledBreeders	36626755.2	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Wheat	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wheat fed (kg)
PR_fert	—	—	Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate
CC_Copra	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.5 of copra as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KM_Wheat	—	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for wheat (km)
CC_Dry_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
TotN_LeachGW	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).