Canola seed, dryland, Goldfields {AU-SA}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U

Unit process v00.00.000

This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of canola. The yield is 999 t/ha. Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. (Hume, I., Renouf, M.A., Eady, S.J., Grant, T., 2025). It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government’s Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production Volume: 5139 t/yr. Activities included: This activity starts after the harvest of the previous crop. Activities included are: the inputs of seeds, mineral fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation water, all machine operations and corresponding machine infrastructure and sheds. It is assumed that no organic fertilisers are applied. Machine operations are: soil cultivation, sowing, fertilisation, irrigation, weed control, pest and pathogen control, combine-harvest, and drying of grains. Direct field emissions are included. This activity ends after harvest and drying of grains at the farm gate. Energy values: 28.8MJ/kg (gross). Nutritional values: Protein: 21%. Carbohydrate: 0%. Fat: 46%. Geography: Goldfields Nullabor Flinders and darling, SA, AU. Technology level: Represents current practices as per gross margins reports (AgMargins 2024 & SA Gross Margin Guide 2022). Time period: 2017-2021. Record: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU

Sector
Material
Contributor
—
Last updated
30 May 2025
Reference ID
0c0d1c7c-8d1f-322b-a148-13f8ce09bebf

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Documentation

Quantitative reference
Canola seed, dryland, Goldfields {AU-SA}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure
Secondray data compiled from publicly available resources. Validated by expert knowledge to represent typical representative practices and inputs.
Creation date
30 May 2025
Is copyright protected
No
Is infrastructure process
No
Tags
material
Sources
Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia/2014/CSIRO
Soil loss by water erosion in Australia/2016/ Teng, H. et.al.
NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025)/2024/Commonwealth of Australia
AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government
Environment Australia, 1999
Farm Business Planning Tools/2025/Tasmanian Government
Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Land Management and Farming in Australia, 2016-17/2018/ABS
Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator/2016/GRDC
SILO climate data/2024/Queensland Government
TraNSIT-Supply Chain Transport and Logistics Dashboard/2025/Australian Gov

Product outputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Canola seed, dryland, Goldfields {AU-SA}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U 996.0 kg Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.4 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.96 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. Heating value, gross: 28.8 MJ/kg
Canola straw, dryland, Goldfields , biogenic C not balanced {AU-SA}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U 187.0128 kg Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.4 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.92 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. Heating value, gross: 18.9 MJ/kg

Technical inputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U -63.7513238867622 kg (2,3,3,1,1,na) - 1.05 Uncertainty. Carbon correction factor in kgCO2eq. Calculated to ensure the carbon balance is maintained after allocation. Source: Land Management and Farming in Australia, 2016-17/2018/ABS
Cultivating, broadacre crop, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic cultivation. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Cultivating, broadacre crop, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for cultivating. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.04 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic fertilization. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.96 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs forfertilizing. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Glyphosate {RoW}| glyphosate production | Cut-off, U 1.73 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of glyphosate applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Harvesting, broadacre crop, combine less than 200kW, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.04 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic harvesting. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Harvesting, broadacre crop, combine less than 200kW, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.96 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for harvesting. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Limestone, milled, loose {RoW}| market for limestone, milled, loose | Cut-off, U -3.502511018666665 kg (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of lime applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012
Liming, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.01 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic lime application. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Liming, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.24 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for liming. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Monoammonium phosphate {AU}| market for monoammonium phosphate | AusLCI, U 41.4 kg (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of MAP applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.008 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.006 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.0208 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of haloxyfop applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.06 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of clopyralid applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.05 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of Sulfoxaflor applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.119 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of clethodim applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.1 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of flutriafol applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.5 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of Propyzamide applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.25 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of chlorpyrifos applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.01 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of bifenthrin applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.72 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of trifluralin applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Planting, broadacre crop, soil clay content 10 to 20%, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.04 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic planting. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Planting, broadacre crop, soil clay content 10 to 20%, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.96 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for planting. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Pumping, irrigation, 70m total pumping head, 100% diesel {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 ML (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Energy used in irrigation.Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Soil nitrogen, Desserts {AU-SA}| market for soil nitrogen | AusLCI, U 0.8 kg (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of UAN applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012
Spraying, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.44 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic spraying of crop protection chemicals. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Spraying, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 10.559999999999999 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for spraying of crop protection chemicals. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Transport, truck, 3,5 to 16t, fleet average {AU}| | AusLCI, U 23.29425779626667 t*km (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Total transport of inputs to region.
Travel spray boom irrigation system, production, per ha {AU}| | AusLCI, U 1.0 ha (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Irrigation infrastructure.Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Urea ammonium nitrate {AU}| market for urea ammonium nitrate | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of UAN applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012
Urea {AU}| market for urea | AusLCI, U 75.0 kg (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of urea applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012

Elementary flow inputs

Flow Sub-compartment AmountUnitComment
Carbon dioxide, in air in air 4209.222336 kg Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the plant. Calculated.
Occupation, annual crop, non-irrigated land 1.0 ha*a Actual land used for the cropping
Occupation, annual crop, non-irrigated, fallow land 0.6699999999999999 ha*a Crop fallow as a part of crop rotation allocated across all crops in the rotation
Transformation, from annual crop, non-irrigated land 1.0 m2 No net land transformation assumed. Any net land transformations due to direct land use change (dLUC) to be added when more clarity regarding LUC estimation method, and consistent with carbon fluxes from dLUC
Transformation, to annual crop, non-irrigated land 1.0 m2 No net land transformation assumed. Any net land transformations due to direct land use change (dLUC) to be added when more clarity regarding LUC estimation method, and consistent with carbon fluxes from dLUC

Elementary flow outputs

Flow CompartmentSub-compartment AmountUnitComment
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide Emissions to waterriver 0.000615 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Propyzamide applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide Emissions to soilagricultural 0.46104999999999996 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Propyzamide applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.005 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Propyzamide applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
2,6-Dichlorobenzamide Emissions to soilforestry 0.0333 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Propyzamide applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Ammonia Emission to airlow population density 5.1599856 kg (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Direct emissions from fertilizers. Ammonia emissions. Total mass of N applied * fraction of nitrogen volatilized * conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Antimony, ion Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000044926159749119996 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Arsenic, ion Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0000029299669401599997 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Bifenthrin Emission to airlow population density 0.0001 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of bifenthrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Bifenthrin Emissions to waterriver 0.0000123 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of bifenthrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Bifenthrin Emission to soilagricultural 0.009221 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of bifenthrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Bifenthrin Emissions to soilforestry 0.000666 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of bifenthrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Butadiene Emission to airlow population density 0.005653112684544 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Cadmium (II) Emissions to soilagricultural 0.00020723999999999997 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 2 Uncertainty. Mass of metal cadmium contained in fertilizer x fraction released in soil. Source:
Cadmium (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.00006055265009663999 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon dioxide Emission to airlow population density 0.0 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Annual soil carbon change. By default the switch is set to 0 to not soil carbon change. To include the value for soil carbon change set the switch to 1. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care. This value was calculated using APSIM for the agroecological region for the current rotations of crops in this area. Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon dioxide, fossil Emission to airlow population density -1.3869943633919992 kg (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.08 Uncertainty.Direct emissions caused by the application of lime to soil to counteract acidification. (M lin applied to neautralise NAAR * lime EF form NIR 22) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon dioxide, fossil Emission to airlow population density 55.0 kg (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Emissions from urea application. Reported as biogenic due to the ecoinvent background process used. Carbon applied with urea x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon dioxide, from soil or biomass stock Emission to airlow population density 0.0 kg This flow intentionally set to zero. Carbon fluxes from direct land use change (dLUC) to be added when more clarity regarding LUC estimation method Source:
Carbon dioxide, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 2392.5626360064 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues - Residue which is not removed, and not burnt is assumed to degrade to biogenic carbon dioxide. Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon dioxide, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 0.0 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x carbon content x CH4 emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon monoxide Emission to airlow population density 6.779139194879999 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon monoxide, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 8.023803226391347 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x carbon content x CO emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carfentrazone ethyl ester Emission to airlow population density 0.00008 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Carfentrazone-ethyl Emissions to waterriver 0.00000984 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Carfentrazone-ethyl Emission to soilagricultural 0.007376799999999999 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Carfentrazone-ethyl Emissions to soilforestry 0.0005328 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Chlorpyrifos Emission to soilagricultural 0.23052499999999998 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of chlorpyrifos applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Chlorpyrifos Emission to airlow population density 0.0025 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of chlorpyrifos applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Chlorpyrifos Emissions to waterriver 0.0003075 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of chlorpyrifos applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Chlorpyrifos Emissions to soilforestry 0.01665 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of chlorpyrifos applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Chromium (VI) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.00003033377538048 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Clethodim Emission to soilagricultural 0.10972989999999999 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clethodim applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Clethodim Emission to airlow population density 0.0011899999999999999 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clethodim applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Clethodim Emissions to waterriver 0.00014637 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clethodim applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Clethodim Emissions to soilforestry 0.0079254 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clethodim applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Clopyralid Emissions to soilforestry 0.003996 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clopyralid applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Clopyralid Emissions to waterriver 0.00007379999999999999 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clopyralid applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Clopyralid Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0006 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clopyralid applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Clopyralid Emission to soilagricultural 0.05532599999999999 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clopyralid applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Cobalt II Emission to airlow population density 0.000010743212113919999 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Copper, ion Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000021486424227839998 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.019364397359999997 kg (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Indirect emissions from fertilizers. Nitrous oxide emissions. Total mass of N applied * fraction of nitrogen volatilized * emission factor * conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.16311615480576 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from residues above ground nitrogen yield x quantity of plant residue x dry matter content x carbon content x nitrogen content x (1-fraction of residues burnt - fraction of residues removed) x emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.012350179976338286 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x nitrogen content above ground x N2O emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.176039976 kg (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Direct emissions from fertilizers. Nitrous oxide emissions. Total mass of N applied * emission factor * conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.0009359013565439998 kg (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Fertilizers leaching. Nitrous oxide emissions. Total mass of N applied * fraction of nitrogen available for leaching * fraction of nitrogen leaching * emission factor * conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.04351857142857144 kg (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Nitrous oxide production from mineralisation due to loss of soil carbon, NIR 2022 Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Flutriafol Emissions to soilforestry 0.006660000000000001 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of flutriafol applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Flutriafol Emissions to soilagricultural 0.09221 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of flutriafol applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Glyphosate Emissions to soilforestry 0.11521800000000001 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of glyphosate applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Glyphosate Emission to soilagricultural 1.595233 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of glyphosate applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Glyphosate Emissions to waterriver 0.0021279 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of glyphosate applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Glyphosate Emission to airlow population density 0.0173 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of glyphosate applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Haloxyfop Emissions to soilagricultural 0.019179679999999998 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of haloxyfop applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Haloxyfop Emissions to soilforestry 0.00138528 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of haloxyfop applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Haloxyfop Emissions to waterriver 0.000025583999999999998 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of haloxyfop applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Haloxyfop Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000208 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of haloxyfop applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Lambda-cyhalothrin Emission to airlow population density 0.00006 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Lambda-cyhalothrin Emission to soilagricultural 0.0055325999999999995 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Lambda-cyhalothrin Emissions to waterriver 0.00000738 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Lambda-cyhalothrin Emissions to soilforestry 0.00039960000000000006 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Lead (II) Emissions to soilagricultural 0.00012909 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 2 Uncertainty. Mass of metal lead contained in fertilizer x fraction released in soil. Source:
Lead (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000049866888314879994 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Manganese (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0001229437108224 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Mercury (II) Emissions to soilagricultural 0.00000047775 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 2 Uncertainty. Mass of metal mercury contained in fertilizer x fraction released in soil. Source:
Mercury (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000012753973739519999 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 0.0 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Methane emission from water storage for irrigation Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 0.21442761975398397 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x carbon content x CH4 emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.48808423395164163 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x carbon content x NMVOC emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Nickel (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.00001757980164096 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Nitrate Emission to waterriver 0.237226487468544 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) Fertilizers leaching. Nitrous oxide emissions. Calculated as: Total mass of N applied x fraction of N available for leaching x fraction of N leaching from NIR x (1-N reemitted to air) x conversion factor.NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Nitrogen oxides Emission to airlow population density 0.2539304681472 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Nitrogen oxides Emission to airlow population density 0.7135951717859327 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x nitrogen content above ground x NOx emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Particulates, < 10 um Emission to airlow population density 0.9766556467199999 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Phosphate Emission to waterground water 0.00208904976 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) 1.51 Uncertainty. Phosphorus leaching to ground water 0.07kg P per ha.a as phosphate PO4. Ecoinvent report on agriculture.
Phosphate Emission to watersurface water 0.0017961236805399997 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) 1.51 Uncertainty. Phosphorus run-off to surface waters. 2.3 is used to convert P quantity to P2O5. Nemecek 2007 ecoinvent methodology.
Phosphorus Emission to waterriver 0.03360034728630972 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) 1.51 Uncertainty. Phosphorus emissions through erosion by water to surface waters. ecoinvent report on agriculture.
Selenium IV Emission to airlow population density 0.0000048832782336 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Soil loss by erosion into water Emissions to water— 19525.6089 kg (1,3,3,1,1,na) - 1.05 Uncertainty. [kg ha-1 y-1] Average annual soil erosions to water. Based on revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE)2016/Teng, H. et.al.
Sulfoxaflor Emissions to waterriver 0.0000615 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Sulfoxaflor applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Sulfoxaflor Emissions to soilforestry 0.0033300000000000005 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Sulfoxaflor applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Sulfoxaflor Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0005 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Sulfoxaflor applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Sulfoxaflor Emissions to soilagricultural 0.046105 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Sulfoxaflor applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
TOC, Total Organic Carbon Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.6319536537599999 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Trifluralin Emissions to soilforestry 0.047952 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of trifluralin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Trifluralin Emission to soilagricultural 0.663912 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of trifluralin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Trifluralin Emission to airlow population density 0.0072 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of trifluralin applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Trifluralin Emissions to waterriver 0.0008856 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of trifluralin applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Zinc (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.00008203907432447999 kg (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
flutriafol Emissions to waterriver 0.000123 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of flutriafol applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
flutriafol Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.001 kg (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of flutriafol applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
hydrogen ions Emissions to soilagricultural -0.000000000000000013877787807814457 kg (4,3,1,1,1,na) - 1.22 Uncertainty. Acidity added due to the entire crop system. Crops addition, fertiliser addition, imported crop addition and addition from lime. Calculated as: sum of all acidity sources Source:

Parameters

NameValueFormulaDescription
P_in_MAP 0.22 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Phosphorus fraction in MAP - IFA Fertilizer Industry Federation of Australia Environment report 2010
FracOF_NatSoil 0.0666 — (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI deposited to natural soils - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI
N_Mineralised 6.754545454545455 Soil_C_loss*soil_NC_frac [Kg N] The amount of N released from SOC mineralisation - Calculated
RUSLE_P 1.0 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - P = Practice factor - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2019
EFburn_CO 0.078 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon_balance 147.94035034521633 Carbon_Absorb_Crop+Carbon_Absorb_Residue-Carbon_burning-Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg-Carbon_deg_before_burn-Carbon_Residue_remaining-Carbon_Grain-Carbon_Straw-Carbon_monoxide_in_burn-Methane_in_burn [kgCO2] Balance check of all biogenic carbons - Calculated
RUSLE_R 3780.0 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [MJ mm ha-1 hr-1 y-1] R= Rainfail - runoff erosivity factor. - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2016
CARF_appl 0.008 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
DLUC_switch — — By default the switch is set to 0 to not include direct land use change. To include the value for direct land use change set the switch to 1. Direct land use change calculation approach is still uncertain -
Replace2ndGlyphosate — iff(No_add_tillage>1;No_add_tillage-1;0) Additional tillage - Switch
AshAlkalinity_Crop -0.29 — (4,3,1,1,1,na) - [kmol/t] Alkalinity of canola removed - Baldock et al. 2009. Building a foundation for soil condition assessment. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report.
Carbon_deg_before_burn 168.41126016 Yield*Res_crop*Fburnt*(1-Fresremaining)*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 [kgCO2] Carbon emission from residue set to be burnt by degraded before burn - Calculated
EFburn_NMVOC 0.0091 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for NMVOC - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
CHPY_appl 0.25 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of chlorpyrifos applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
GLYP_appl 1.73 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of glyphosate applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
CUrea 15.0 (M_Urea_Tot+(M_UAN*Urea_in_UAN))*C_in_Urea [kgC] Total mass of carbon applied through urea. Calculated as: mass of urea x carbon content in urea - Calculated
CC_crop 0.4 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for canola crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
AF_Urea 0.00005045759999999999 AF_Urea0L*(1-FracN_Leach*FracWET)+AF_Urea100L*(FracN_Leach*FracWET) [kmolH+/kgN] Acid factor of urea taking account of the fraction of N being leached - Calculated
EFN_DS_nonirrc_b600mm 0.0029 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied on non-irrigated crop with rainfall <600mm - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
DM_residue 0.921 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg residue] Dry matter content of canola residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
NCag_residue 0.009 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of above-ground canola crop residue - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
P_crop 698.0 — (1,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - CSIRO, 2025
fracS_Hg 1.0 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil -
M_PestChem 3.5737999999999994 BIFE_appl+CARF_appl+CHPY_appl+CLET_appl+CLOP_appl+FLUT_appl+GLYP_appl+HALO_appl+LCYT_appl+PRPY_appl+SULF_appl+TRIF_appl [g] Cumulative mass of all the pesticides applied on field. - Calculated
EFN_mineral 0.0041 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] emission factor for N emissions from mineralisations - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
AF_UAN100L 0.036 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of UAN with 100 % leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016
Carbon_Grain 1402.3680000000002 Grain_DM*CC_crop*44/12 [kgCO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by grain - Calculated
M_MAP 41.4 — (3,1,1,1,3,na) - [kg] Quantity of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) applied - Baldock 2012
EF_N_Direct 0.0029 EFN_DS_nonirrc_b600mm*fracRainb600mm+(1-fracRainb600mm)*EFN_DS_nonirrc_a600mm [kgN2O-N/kgN] N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied to non-irrigated crop, where percentage of cultivation area with rainfall <600mm = ##FRAC <600mm## - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016) climate data source from Queensland Government, 2023
Dam_EF 201.0 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) -[kg] Emission factor for methane emitted from dams (151 kg CH4/ha/year) multipled by the elemental to molecular conversion for methane (1.333) - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025)
Lime_purity 0.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
FracOF_FW 0.00123 — (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI deposited to fresh water - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI
EF_Particulate_matter 8.5 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
All_Eco 98.67283722473405 (m_grain*P_crop)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_crop)*100 [%] Economic allocation fraction for seed - default for AusLCI - Calculated
EF_Cadmium 0.000527 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
Cd_in_MAP 4.1 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Cadmium content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
AF_MAP0L 0.036 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of MAP with 0% leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016
Pb_in_Urea 0.01 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg] Lead content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
PFERT 9.108 M_MAP*P_in_MAP [kg P] Total mass of P applied. Calculated as: sum of (mass of phosphorus fertilizer x phosphorus content) - Calculated
All_Mass 84.7360002058166 (grain_DM/(straw_DM+grain_DM))*100 [%] Mass allocation fraction for seed - Calculated
FracN_Leach 0.24 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgN] Default fraction of N lost through leaching and runoff - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Fremoved 0.09 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of the crop removed in the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
FracWet 0.00584 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of area of AER where leaching occurs i.e. evapo-transpiration:rainfall ratio is <0.8 or >1. Climate data sourced from the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia - Climate data sourced from the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia
EF_Oxides_of_nitrogen 2.21 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
M_Lime -3.502511018666665 NAAR_Tot/(-AF_Lime*lime_purity) [kg] Mass of lime required to balance out acidity to soil from NAAR. Adjusted to account for the purity of limestone (90% of limestone is lime) - Calculated
NAAR_Crop -0.21403487999999998 (AshAlkalinity_crop*m_grain+AshAlkalinity_straw*m_straw)/1000 [kgH+] Acidity added due to plant removal - Calculated
NFERT 38.64 M_MAP*N_in_MAP+M_Urea_Tot*N_in_Urea+M_UAN*N_in_UAN [kg N] Total mass of N applied. Calculated as: sum of (mass of nitrogen fertilizer x nitrogen content) - Calculated
Carbon_burning — Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*Fburnt*CC_residue*Burn_efficiency*EFBurn_CO2*44/12 [kgCO2] Carbon emission from residue burnt - Calculated
All_Grain 98.67283722473405 iff(Allocation=2; All_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Mass;All_Eco)) Allocation to wheat - Switch
m_straw 187.0128 yield*Res_crop*fremoved [kg] Total wet mass of straw - Calculated
EF_Mercury 0.000111 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
M_UAN — — (3,1,1,1,3,na) - [kg] Quantity of urea and ammonium nitrate (UAN) applied, calculated using the Generic Yield and N Calculator - Baldock 2012
RUSLE 19.525608899999998 RUSLE_R*RUSLE_K*RUSLE_LS*RUSLE_P*RUSLE_C [t/ha/y] Average anual soil erosions to water. ) - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra etal 2016
NAAR_FERT 0.150989681664 M_MAP*AF_MAP*N_In_MAP+M_Urea_Tot*AF_Urea*N_in_Urea+M_UAN*AF_UAN*N_in_UAN [kmolH+] Total mass of H+ applied through fertilizers. Calculated as: sum of (mass of nitrogen fertilizer x Acid factor per fertiliser) - Calculated
N_in_UAN 0.32 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Nitrogen fraction in UAN -
NLegume_frac 0.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional of N supplied via legume N from rotation with legume crops.
EF_Lead 0.000434 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
EF_Copper 0.000187 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
All_Straw_Eco 1.3271627752659452 (m_straw*P_straw)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_crop)*100 [%] Economic allocation fraction for straw - default for AusLCI - Calculated
SULF_appl 0.05 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of Sulfoxaflor applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Nb_Planting_clay10_20 1.0 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of planting operations (soil clay content 10% - 20%) - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion
Pb_in_MAP 3.1 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg] Lead content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
FracAir 0.01 — (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI releaesd to air - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI
EFN_residues 0.005 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] IPCC emission factor for N emissions from residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
AF_Urea0L — — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of MAP with 100% leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016
Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain 1633.020546840459 (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw)*All_Grain/100 [kgCO2eq] Biogenic carbon exported in canola - Calculated
AF_UAN 0.00005045759999999999 AF_UAN0L*(1-FracN_Leach*FracWET)+AF_UAN100L*(FracN_Leach*FracWET) [kmolH+/kgN] Acid factor of UAN taking account of the fraction of N being leached - Calculated
m_grain 996.0 yield-Seed_input [kg] Total wet mass of grain - Calculated
P_in_soil 0.000277 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [kgP/tsoil] P content in soil in the AER of cropping - Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia
Allocation 1.0 — Allocation switch, 1 = Economic alocation (default for AusLCI), 2 = Energy allocation, 3 = Mass allocation, -
EFN_DS_nonirrc_a600mm 0.008 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied on non-irrigated crop with rainfall >600mm - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
CLET_appl 0.119 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of clethodim applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
EF_Chromium_VI 0.000264 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
Dam_area — — (1,3,2,1,1,na) -[ha] Surface area of farm dams for irrigation - ABARES land use classification, ausdams.org
AshAlkalinity_Straw 0.4 — (4,3,1,1,1,na) - [kmol/t] Alkalinity of straw co-product removed - Baldock et al. 2009. Building a foundation for soil condition assessment. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report.
NCbg_residue 0.01 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of below-ground canola crop residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
EFburn_CO2 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO2 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon_monoxide_in_burn 13.144635998208 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CO*44/12 [kgCO2] Carbon monoxide as CO2 for balance purposes - Calculated
Carbon_Residue_remaining 2217.4149254400004 Yield*Res_crop*((1-Fburnt-Fremoved))*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 [kgCO2] Carbon emission from residue remaining - Calculated
Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg 6.7364504064000075 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*(1-Burn_efficiency)*Fburnt*CC_residue*44/12 [kgCO2] Carbon emission from fraction of carbon not burnt in the burn - Calculated
Nb_Cultivating — — (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of cultivations - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion
DLUC_value — — (2,2,1,1,1,na) - [tCO2eq/ha/year] Annual direct CO2 emissions from land use change - Blonk 2016
HALO_appl 0.0208 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of haloxyfop applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Fburnt 0.12 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of residues burnt for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Supply_distance 200.0 — (4,3,1,3,1,na) - [km] average distance to supply farm inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, lime) -
EFN_leachS 0.011 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] IPCC emission factor for N leaching and runoff from synthetic fertiliser - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
CC_residue 0.4 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for canola straw - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
All_Straw_En 10.571696787915359 (straw_DM*ed_straw)/(ed_Straw*straw_DM+grain_DM*ED_crop)*100 [%] Allocation to straw based on energy content - Calculated
Carbon_Absorb_Residue 2806.8543360000003 (Yield*Res_crop*DM_residue*CC_residue)*44/12 [kgCO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in residue production - Calculated
Methane_in_burn 0.5898234101759999 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CH4*44/12 [kgCO2] Methane as CO2 for balance purposes - Calculated
Water_irr — — (2,2,1,2,2,na) - [ML] Volume of irrigation applied - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion
CdFERT 0.00020723999999999997 (M_MAP*Cd_in_MAP+ M_Urea_Tot*Cd_in_Urea+M_UAN*Cd_in_UAN)*1e-6 [kgCd] Total amount of Cd applied: mass of fertilizer x Cdcontent in fertilizer - Calculated
RUSLE_K 0.0249 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [t ha hr ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1] K= Soil erodibility factor - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2017
EF_TOC 5.5 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
LCYT_appl 0.006 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Urea_in_UAN 0.326 — Fraction of urea ammonium nitrate which is urea. Used to account for Fossil CO2 embbedded in urea.
M_tot_supply 116.47128898133334 M_MAP+M_Urea_Tot+M_UAN+M_PestChem+M_Lime [kg] Total mass of products transported to the farm gate - Calculated
No_add_tillage 0.3392 Frac_No_till*0+Frac_Min_till*1+Frac_Multi_till*2 Additional tillage - Switch
Seed_input 3.0 — (3,3,2,3,2,na) - [kg/ha] of seed -
DM_crop 0.96 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg crop] Dry matter content of canola crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
PbFERT 0.00012909 (M_MAP*Pb_in_MAP+ M_Urea_Tot*Pb_in_Urea+M_UAN*Pb_in_UAN)*1e-6 [kgPb] Total amount of Pb applied: mass of fertilizer x Pbcontent in fertilizer - Calculated
FracN_GASF 0.11 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgN] IPCC default fraction of synthetic fertiliser N that volatilised as NH3- N and NOx-N - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Cd_in_UAN 0.175 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Cadmium content (only accounting for Cd content in Urea, which is 35% of UAN) - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
C_in_urea 0.2 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - C content in urea -
Frac_No_till 0.786 — (3,2,3,2,1,na) - % of area under low till practices - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018
ED_crop 28.8 — (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] Energy density of canola crop - Feedipedia
EFburn_N2O 0.0076 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for N2O - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
EF_Carbon_monoxide 59.0 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
CT_frac 0.04 — Fraction of the region managed with controlled traffic - CSIRO practice survey
EF_Antimony 0.000391 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
Lime_CO2 -1.3869943633919992 M_lime*EFC_lime*lime_purity*(44/12) [kg CO2eq] Direct emissions from lime applied to soil - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025), volume 1, equation 3G_1
EFburn_CH4 0.0035 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CH4 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
NAAR_Cropimport — 0 [kgH+] kg H+ accounts and nitrogen irons imported with other biogenic material such as stubble or compost from outside the field - Calculated
N_in_MAP 0.1 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Nitrogen fraction in MAP - IFA Fertilizer Industry Federation of Australia Environment report 2010
AF_Urea100L 0.036 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of urea with 100 % leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016
Soil_C_Change_Switch — — By default the switch is set to 0 to not soil carbon change. To include the value for soil carbon change set the switch to 1. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care. -
Frac_Min_till 0.0892 — (3,2,3,2,1,na) - % of area under no till practices - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018
HgFERT 0.00000047775 (M_MAP*Hg_in_MAP+ M_Urea_Tot*Hg_in_Urea+M_UAN*Hg_in_UAN)*1e-6 [kgHg] Total amount of Hg applied: mass of fertilizer x Hgcontent in fertilizer - Calculated
Replace1stGlyphosate 0.3392 iff(No_add_tillage<1;No_add_tillage;1) Additional tillage - Switch
M_legumeN 0.8 0.8 [kg] Based on legume fraction in agroecological region 0.0211437130015915 times total N fertilisre 39.7714861197027
soil_NC_frac 0.09090909090909091 1/(10+1) fraction of N to C in soil, based on a CN ratio of 1:10 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain -233.7548542514614 (Carbon_Grain-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain)/(All_Grain/100) [kgCO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determining product (canola) - Calculated
Carbon_Straw 252.61689024 Straw_DM*CC_residue*44/12 [kgCO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by straw - Calculated
AF_UAN0L — — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of UAN with 0 % leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016
Frac_Multi_till 0.125 — (3,2,3,2,1,na) - % of area with multiple tillage operations - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018
M_Urea_tot 75.0 Iff(Inc_LegumeN=0;M_urea+M_legumeN/0.46;M_urea)+(M_urea_SOC*Soil_C_Change_switch) [kg] Total urea applied to field -Swith to inlcude or exclude legume N and also Switch to inlcude soil carbon increase and urea requirements for this.
EFC_lime 0.12 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) -[kgC /kg] Emission factor for lime - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025)
NAAR_Tot -0.06304519833599997 NAAR_Crop + NAAR_Cropimport+NAAR_fert [kgH+] Total mass of H+ added due to the system - Net addition (-ve = subtraction) of H+ in kg - Calculated
AF_MAP 0.0360504576 AF_MAP0L*(1-FracN_Leach*FracWET)+AF_MAP100L*(FracN_Leach*FracWET) [kmolH+/kgN] Acid factor of MAP, taking account of the fraction of N being leached - Calculated
TRIF_appl 0.72 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of trifluralin applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Duration 1.67 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) - [y] duration that one cycle of the crop uses the land, including fallow period. -
M_Urea 75.0 — (3,1,1,1,3,na) - [kg] Quantity of urea applied. This is the base amount of urea applied without accounting for N mineralisation that may occur with SOC change. - Baldock 2012
Fresremaining 0.5 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction remaining at the time of burning for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Yield 999.0 — (1,2,1,1,1,na) -[kg/ha] yield, calculated from five year average ('18 - '22) - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017-2022
EF_Selenium 0.0000425 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
Res_ab_crop 0.33 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kg/kg] Below ground/above ground residue ratio for canola crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Nb_Harvesting_200kW 1.0 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number harvesting events, <200kW combine - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion
EF_Manganese 0.00107 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
Nb_Fertilizer 1.0 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of fertilizing operations (pre & post-emergence) - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion
All_Straw_Mass 15.263999794183402 (straw_DM)/(straw_DM+grain_DM)*100 [%] Mass allocation fraction for straw - Calculated
FracRainb600mm 1.0 — (1,1,1,1,1,na) - Percentage of cultivation area with rainfall <600mm - SILO, Queensland Government, 2024
Nb_Liming 0.25 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of liming events - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion
BIFE_appl 0.01 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of bifenthrin applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
fracS_Pb 1.0 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil -
FracOF_AgSoil 0.0921 — (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI deposited on agricultural soil outside the field of application - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI
Nb_Spraying 11.0 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number spraying applications (pre & post-emergence) - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion
Burn_efficiency 0.96 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default burning efficiency for residue from crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
All_En 89.42830321208464 (grain_DM*ED_crop/(straw_DM*ED_straw+grain_DM*ED_crop))*100 [%] Allocation to seed based on energy content - Calculated
FLUT_appl 0.1 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of flutriafol applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Hg_in_MAP 0.01 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Mercury content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
EF_Arsenic 0.0000255 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
Inc_LegumeN 1.0 — Set to 1 to account for legume N supply in the region. Included by default. Set to 0 to exclude the benefits of legume N in the region
AF_MAP100L 0.072 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of urea with 0 % leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016
Carbon_Absorb_Crop 1402.3680000000002 (((Yield-seed_input)*DM_crop*CC_crop))*44/12 [kgCO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in grain net grain production (excluding seed input) - Calculated
EF_Nickel 0.000153 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
AF_Lime -0.02 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+] Acid factor of lime - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016
Grain_DM 956.16 m_grain*DM_Crop [kg] Total dry mass of grain - Calculated
EF_Butadieneb 0.0492 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
P_Straw 50.0 — (4,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne -
EF_Cobalt 0.0000935 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
EFburn_NOx 0.21 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for NOx - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Total_area 5150.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - [ha] Total area - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017-2022
Hg_in_UAN 0.000297 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Mercury content (only accounting for Cd content in Urea, which is 35% of UAN) - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
ED_Straw 18.9 — (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] energy density of canola straw - Feedipedia
Res_crop 2.08 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kg crop residue/kg crop]] Residue/crop ratio for canola - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Soil_C_loss 74.3 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - [kgC/ha/a] Annual soil carbon change. This value was calculated using APSIM for the agroecological region for the current rotations of crops in this area. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care - Zhongkui Liu (CSIRO, unpublished)
OTHERDATA 1.0 — OTHER DATA - -
RUSLE_LS 9.22 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - L = Slope length factor and S is slope steepness factor - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2018
CN_soil_ratio 10.0 — (3,2,4,2,4,na) Soil Carbon:Nitrogen ration - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025)
Pb_in_UAN 0.0035 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg] Lead content (only accounting for Cd content in Urea, which is 35% of UAN) - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
N_in_urea 0.46 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Nitrogen fraction in urea -
Surface 1.0 — [ha] -
Straw_DM 172.2387888 m_straw*DM_residue [kg] Total dry mass of straw - Calculated
PRPY_appl 0.5 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of Propyzamide applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
All_Straw 1.3271627752659452 iff(Allocation=2; All_straw_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_straw_Mass;All_straw_Eco)) Allocation to straw - Switch
EF_Zinc 0.000714 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999
Hg_in_Urea 0.00085 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Mercury content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
CLOP_appl 0.06 — (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of clopyralid applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
fracS_Cd 1.0 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil -
M_Urea_SOC — Iff(Soil_C_loss<0;(soil_C_Loss/11)/0.46;0) When soil carbon increases there is a demand for additional nitrogen which is assumed to be supplied by urea.
Cd_in_Urea 0.5 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Cadmium content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008
FracSoil 0.83 — (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI deposited on agricultural soil on the field of application - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI
RUSLE_C 0.0225 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - C = Cover factor - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2020