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Cattle production, Gippsland, Vic, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle herd in the VIC Gippsland including pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm The system boundary ends at the field gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - weaners, prime cattle and culled cattle. The direct emissions on the field are also included. Excluded processes: Indirect land use change is not included by default however the details of land use change in VIC Gippsland is included in parameters of the inventory. Remark: This process is an unallocated coproducing process for cattle production in VIC Gippsland and should not be used directly in an LCA. For specific products use the allocated inventory processes for specific products. This inventory has been developed as with support from Australian Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grants for the project ?AusAgLCI - enabling continual improvement of sustainability by life cycle impact assessment (INNOV-033)? which is was undertaken by CSIRO Agriculture and Life Cycle Strategies from 2014-2016. Technology: Average Time period: 2010/11 to 2014/15 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU

Sector
Material
Contributor
—
Last updated
27 Apr 2019
Reference ID
107a2d50-a2d2-334e-b1f3-1463ea2cc7c4

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Documentation

Quantitative reference
Cattle production, Gippsland, Vic, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure
Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Creation date
27 Apr 2019
Is copyright protected
No
Is infrastructure process
No
Tags
material
Sources
Land Use of Australia, 2010-11
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2014-15
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment
Farm budgets and costs: Livestock gross margin budgets
Farm Business Planning Tools
Livestock Farm Monitor Project Results 2013/14
National Inventory Report 2013 Volume 1
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00
Rural Solutions SA PIRSA (2015) Farm Gross Margin 2015
Slattery, W, Ridley, A, Windsor, S Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products.
Updated FarmGAS Tools and Support Material

Product outputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Cattle production, Gippsland, Vic, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 1.0 kg Unallocation inventory for production of a range of cattle in this region as described in the comment field

Technical inputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Cattle, internal parasite control {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.00876276265143046 Item(s) Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
Chemical, organic {GLO}| market for chemical, organic | Cut-off, U 0.011218183913515256 g Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total cottonseed for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total copra for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total protein pellets for herd.
Diesel {RoW}| market for diesel | Cut-off, U 0.068526 kg Fuel use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Dry season mix, 30% urea, 5.5% P, at production {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.010512231550516032 kg Total dry season lick for herd.
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NSW}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NT}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-QLD}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-SA}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-VIC}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-WA-SWIS}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0009657716524853843 ha Application of fertiliser to pasture
Forage sorghum, irrigated, Darling Downs QLD {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total forage sorghum grazed by herd.
Molasses, C-grade, at mill gate, {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total molasses for herd.
Native Pasture hay, Northern Australia {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.14472041884254394 kg Total hay for herd.
Oat grain, dryland, Southern Highlands, NSW_Vic, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total forage oats grazed for herd.
Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}| market for polyurethane, flexible foam | Cut-off, U 0.061385531552119885 g Total weight of ID tags.
Single superphosphate {AU}| market for single superphosphate | AusLCI, U 0.11009796838333383 kg Single superphosphate for pasture improvement
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.014472041884254395 t*km Total transport of inputs to region. All assumed to be by articulated truck
Wet season mix, 0% N 21% P, at production {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total wet season lick for herd.
Wet season mix, 20% GranAm, 40% Kynofos, 40% Salt, at production {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total wet season lick for herd.
Wheat grain, dryland, Southern Highlands, NSW_Vic, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total wheat for herd.

Elementary flow inputs

Flow Sub-compartment AmountUnitComment
Carbon dioxide, in air in air 0.0 t Soil carbon
Carbon dioxide, in air in air -0.04358994763573113 kg Net atmospheric CO2 absorbed by production system (if positive) or released (if negative) based on
Occupation, grassland, natural, for livestock grazing — 0.0048288582624269214 ha*a Intersection of livestock region (based on SA2 units) and 2010 Land Use Map (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences 2016) for natural and sown pastures
Water, unspecified natural origin, Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU — 1.411374883523709 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU — 0.00000901219834606625 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU — 0.2355747378327323 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU — 0.0000015042397930241165 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.0000021393519624912264 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.0000021393519624912264 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.3350378576826628 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.3350378576826628 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South Australian Gulf, SA, AU — 0.00007936926058653764 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in South Australian Gulf, SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South Australian Gulf, SA, AU — 12.429795330079834 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in South Australian Gulf, SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 14.337928433827898 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.00009155346068987161 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South Western Plateau, WA, AU — 1.606970084584831 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in South Western Plateau, WA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South Western Plateau, WA, AU — 0.000010261152658686996 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in South Western Plateau, WA, AU catchment.

Elementary flow outputs

Flow CompartmentSub-compartment AmountUnitComment
Ammonia Emission to airunspecified 0.1912622168291195 kg NH3 emission
Area grazed Non material emissions— 0.0048288582624269214 ha —
Copra feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Cottonseed feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Culled breeders Non material emissions— 0.2326875306518459 kg —
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.0009900632400566187 kg N2O atmospheric deposition
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.0008779557867618295 kg N2O leaching and runoff
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.0023295616497079463 kg Dung and Urine N2O
Direct electricity Non material emissions— 0.0 kWh —
Dry lick Non material emissions— 0.010512231550516032 kg —
Dung & Urine N2O Non material emissions— 0.0023295616497079463 kg —
Enteric methane Non material emissions— 0.3177885637471716 kg —
Evaporative water loss Non material emissions— 0.19383966384283818 m3 —
Hay feed Non material emissions— 0.14472041884254394 kg —
Indirect N2O atm dep Non material emissions— 0.0009900632400566187 kg —
Indirect N2O leaching Non material emissions— 0.0008779557867618295 kg —
Livestock numbers Non material emissions— 863579.0 Item(s) —
Manure methane Non material emissions— 0.00006424992733256477 kg —
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airunspecified 0.00006424992733256477 kg Manure Methane
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airunspecified 0.3177885637471716 kg Enteric Methane
Molasses feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Nitrogen Emission to waterground water 0.07393433812300255 kg N leached from Dung and Urine
Oats feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
P fertiliser Non material emissions— 0.11009796838333383 kg —
Prime cattle Non material emissions— 0.7673124693481542 kg —
Protein pellets feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Quantity of livestock Non material emissions— 162665366.7 kg —
Silage feed Non material emissions— 0.15297663236387 kg —
Sorghum feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Transportation to farm Non material emissions— 0.014472041884254395 t*km —
Water intake of livestock Non material emissions— 0.030356681297174986 m3 —
Weaners Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Wet lick Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Wheat feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
hydrogen ions Emissions to soil— 0.0002388218535888255 kg Net change in H ions due to imports (feriliser, feeds) to and exports (cattle) from the farm

Parameters

NameValueFormulaDescription
ID_tags 9985300.0 Calves_weaned*ID_tag Weight of ID tags total (g)
AF_Wheat — — Acid factor for wheat (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_Hay 0.4 — Carbon content 0.44 of hay as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
All_Weaners_Mass — kg_Weaners/ProductTotal Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
Protein_Pellets — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets fed (kg)
EFN_Leach 0.0075 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O.
KG_Weaners — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
AF_Wet_mix — — Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
KM_Hay 100.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km)
P_PrimeCattle 1.73 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Prime cattle ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
CC_Silage 0.2 — Carbon content 0.44 of silage as delivered assuming moisture content of 55%
TotN_LeachGW 12117437.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
KM_Wheat — — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for wheat (km)
Fuel 0.081 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/kg LW of cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
ID_tag 25.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g)
CC_Copra 0.45 — Carbon content 0.5 of copra as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
EconomicAll 1.0 — By default this is set to 1 for economic allocation of different cattle classes. For mass allocation set to 0.
F_Lake_Eyre_NSW_QLD_NT_and_SA 0.007760227 — Fraction of Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
Copra — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg)
NAAR_Inputs -16458.180288 (Dry_mix*AF_Dry_mix+Wet_mix*AF_Wet_mix+Hay*AF_Hay+Copra*AF_Copra+Molasses*AF_Molasses+Cottonseed*AF_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*AF_Protein_Pellets+Wheat*AF_Wheat)/1000 Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer)
All_Weaners_Eco — (KG_Weaners*P_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI
All_PrimeCattle_Mass 0.7673124693481542 kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle
All_CulledBreeders_Eco 0.1171317926856609 (KG_CulledBreeders*P_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle - default for AusLCI
KM_Protein_pellets 600.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km)
KM_Molasses 400.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km)
Hay 23541000.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg)
Lime_purity 0.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
F_South_East_Coast_NSW_VIC_and_SA 0.472315412 — Fraction of South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
KM_Copra 400.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km)
Ent_CH4 51693193.254999995 DMI*EF_Ent enteric methane (kg) based on DMI and emission factor. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
NAAR_Cattle 55306.224678000006 producttotal*af_cattle/1000 Change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from export of cattle product
AF_Cattle 0.34 — Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.).
All_CulledBreeders_Mass 0.2326875306518459 kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
C_imported 9416400.0 Dry_mix*CC_Dry_mix+Wet_mix*CC_Wet_mix+Hay*CC_Hay+Copra*CC_Copra+Molasses*CC_Molasses+Cottonseed*CC_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*CC_Protein_Pellets+Wheat*CC_Wheat kg of biogenic carbon in imported feed
Cows 512993.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Cottonseed 0.45 — Carbon content 0.50 of cottonseed as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
DMI 2404334570.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter Intake. (Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_PrimeCattle_Eco 0.8828682073143391 (P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI
CC_Molasses 0.347 — Carbon content 0.42 of molasses as delivered assuming moisture content of 17.5%
Sorghum_graz — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum planed and grazed (ha)
AF_Protein_Pellets — — Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
All_Weaners — All_Weaners_Eco*EconomicAll+All_Weaners_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
Fuel_use 13175894.7027 Fuel*ProductTotal Fuel used
F_South_Western_Plateau_WA 0.05293629 — Fraction of South Western Plateau, WA, AU catchment in livestock region.
HA_GRAZING 785488.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region (based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
ProductTotal 162665366.7 KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight)
All_Culledbreeders 0.1171317926856609 All_CulledBreeders_Eco*EconomicAll+All_CulledBreeders_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
F_Murray_NSW_VIC_and_SA 0.011036709 — Fraction of Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
BiogenicCO2 — SOC_change*3.667*HA_GRAZING*0 Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq
SOC_change 0.2847 — Change in SOC t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer
P_Weaners 1.73 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Weaners ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Wet_mix — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg)
P_fert 114.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Silage 24884000.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total weight of silage grown and fed (kg)
Anthelmintics 1425398.0 Cows*2+Calves_weaned Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites
Elec_use — Elec*ProductTotal Electricity used
KM_Lick — — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km)
AF_Dry_mix 0.012 — Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
KM_Cottonseed 400.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km)
AF_Molasses — — Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Vaccine 1824810.0 (Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml).
CC_Protein_Pellets 0.405 — Carbon content 0.50 of protein_pellets as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Cottonseed — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg)
F_Southstralian_Gulf_SA 0.409458307 — Fraction of South Australian Gulf, SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
CC_Wheat 0.36 — Carbon content 0.40 of wheat as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KG_PrimeCattle 124815164.2 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
N_LeachGW 12026556.2225 TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach) N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg).
All_PrimeCattle 0.8828682073143391 All_PrimeCattle_Eco*EconomicAll+All_PrimeCattle_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation fraction for culled breeding cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
LEACH_N2O 142813.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Molasses — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg)
Elec — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/kg LW cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
ATMOS_N2O 161049.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Tot_P_fert 17909126.400000002 P_fert*HA_Grazing*PR_fert Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate
AF_Copra — — Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
C_cattle 7482606.868199999 CC_cattle*ProductTotal kg of biogenic carbon in cattle leaving the system as products
AF_Cottonseed — — Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
P_CulledBreeders 0.756875 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Culled breeders ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Oats_graz — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats planted and grazed (ha)
Calves_weaned 399412.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number calves weaned using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Wheat — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wheat fed (kg)
Evap_water_loss 31531.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML). Potential evaporation from long-term annual Australian 5 km potential evaporation surface (Penman, 1981-2010; Donohue et al, 2013). Dam surface area from regional-scale surface hydrology polygons, Geoscience Australia (Crossman and Li 2015).
C_added -1933793.1318000006 C_cattle-C_imported Net carbon added by this process, from pasture into cattle less carbon output from cattle via respiration and manure. Assumes soil carbon is stable thorugh the process.
TotalTkmRoad 2354100.0 (Dry_mix*KM_Lick+Wet_mix*KM_LICK+Hay*KM_Hay+Copra*KM_Copra+Molasses*KM_Molasses+Cottonseed*KM_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*KM_Protein_Pellets+Wheat*KM_Wheat)/1000 Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported for articulated trucks.
Dry_mix 1709976.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg)
CC_cattle 0.046 — Carbon content 0.152 of cattle as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
Vaccine_vol 2.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml)
AF_Hay -0.7 — Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_Oats_graz — — Carbon content 0.40 of oats as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
PR_fert 0.2 — Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate
KG_CulledBreeders 37850202.5 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Wet_mix — — Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Cattle 863579.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of livestock carried for the year using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Water 4937980695.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year)
EF_Ent 0.0215 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Enteric Methane emission factor in kg methane per kg of DMI. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
CC_Sorghum_graz — — Carbon content 0.44 of forage sorghum as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
DU_N2O 378939.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
F_Eastern_Mount_Lofty_Ranges_SA 0.046493056 — Fraction of Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
MAN_CH4 10451.23799 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Manure methane. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Dry_mix — — Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%