Electricity, from bagasse, exported {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U
Unit process v00.00.000
Included processes: Allocation of sugar milling to electricity production from bagasse Remark: This inventory has been developed as part of the AusAgLCI initiative funded by a partnership of Australian Research and Development Corporations (RIRDC, CRDC, GRDC, SRDC, HAL, MLA, DA, FWPA) and Research Agencies (CSIRO, USQ and Q DAFF), with technical support from Life Cycle Strategies. More detail on inventory development can be found in the 'AusAgLCI Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' documents located at www.auslci.alcas.asn.au.This unit process allocates the impacts of sugar milling economically to electricity production from bagasse with a correction for the carbon balance after allocation. Geography: Refers to an average production in the Australia. Technology: Average Time period: Data collected for 2012 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Tim Grant Telephone: 0061 408104977; E_mail: tim@lifecycles.com.au; Company: LCS; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Marguerite Renouf, Telephone:; E_mail: m.renouf@uq.edu.au; Company: The University of Queensland; Country: AU
- Sector
- Energy
- Contributor
- —
- Last updated
- 09 Nov 2012
- Reference ID
111a8c2a-cea7-3d6b-89d1-698337bea19a
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Documentation
- Quantitative reference
- Electricity, from bagasse, exported {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U
- Sampling procedure
- All data is based on estimates of typical operating parameters for Queensland sugar mills, derived from consultation with industry personnel. The variation in mill efficiency for electricity is not considered, only the variation in the quality of the sugar cane is included (variability of the mass ratio sugar/molasses) by preserving the mass balance. Sugar yields are based on the Australian Sugar Yearbook (Anon, 2006) and molasses yields are based on Lavarack, 2003.
- Creation date
- 09 Nov 2012
- Is copyright protected
- No
- Is infrastructure process
- No
- Tags
- energy
- Sources
-
NGER wastewater (industrial) calculator/2012/NGER
A submission by the Australian Sugar Milling Council/2011/ASMC
Australian Sugar Year Book 2011/2012/Rural Press
Estimates of ethanol production from sugarcane feedstocks/2003/B. P. Lavarack
Product outputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity, from bagasse, exported {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U | 4.213439999999999 | MWh | Industry -wide average of electricity export based on 650 GWh exported from 34,900,000 t cane in 2011 (ASMC, 2011). |
Technical inputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U | -1942.2092045454544 | kg | Allocation correction for exported electricity from bagasse, which adjusts the C flows to ensure a correct C balance. |
| Electricity, from bagasse, exported , biogenic C not balanced {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U | 4.213439999999999 | MWh | — |
Parameters
| Name | Value | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frac_road | 0.12 | — | (4,1,3,1,1,na)t/t Fraction of sugarcane transported to mills by road, ugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol |
| total_price | 98.56 | (Yield_sugar*Price_sugar)+(Yield_molasses*Price_molasses)+(Yield_bagasse*FracBagElect*Price_bagasse)+(Yield_bagasse*FracBagSurplus*Price_bagasse) | — |
| DM_sugarcane | 0.32 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| DM_millmud | 0.22 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| BioC_Actual_BagMillEnergy | 3.93984 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_bagasse*FracBagMillEnergy*DM_bagasse*CC_bagasse | — |
| FracBagElect | 0.35 | — | (3,3,1,1,1,na)t/t Fraction of generated bagasse that is combusted to produce exported electricity (35%), LCA of Australian sugarcane processing / 2011/Renouf (Table 3). |
| Elect_from_Bagasse | 0.418 | — | (4,3,3,1,1,na)LCA of Australian sugarcane processing / 2011/RenoufMWh/t Conversion factor for electricity generation from bagasse in sugar mill co-generation plant, LCA of Australian sugarcane processing / 2011/Renouf (Table 3), based on 4.6 MWh generated from 11t bagasse = 0.418 kWh/kg |
| BurdDelta_fraction | 0.13463512860220012 | Prod_BurdDelta/Prod_Qld | — |
| Energy_sugar | 14.6 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)MJ/kg (LHV) Derived from the HHV of 16 MJ/kg for raw sugar from Feedipedia/2017/INRAE, CIROD, AFZ, converted to a LHV of 14.6MJ/kg |
| Prod_BRIA | 3984158.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Burdekin River Irrigation Area district of Burdekin growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| total_mass | 0.45899999999999996 | Yield_sugar+Yield_molasses+Yield_bagasse | — |
| Alloc_energy_BagSurplus | 2.3008445560374344 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*Energy_bagasse*FracBagSurplus)/total_energy | Based on the energy content of the fraction of bagasse that is surplus |
| CC_sugarcane | 0.424 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| Tully_fraction | 0.10571198510824117 | Prod_Tully/Prod_represNQld*Prod_NQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| Prod_SJohnstone | 1580176.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in South Johnstone district of Nth Queensland growing region, from QLD Canegrowers statistics |
| BioC_all_BagElect | 0.35603079545454536 | (BioC_prods*alloc_BagElect)/100 | t Allocated flow of biogenic C attributed to exported electricity from bagasse. |
| Prod_Tully | 2445612.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Tully district of Nth Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| Yield_molasses | 0.028 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/t Molasses produced per sugarcane milled, in typical Queensland milling scenario, from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Table 3) |
| alloc_BagElect | 5.113636363636362 | iff(alloc_switch=0;Alloc_eco_BagElect;iff(alloc_switch=1;Alloc_mass_BagElect;Alloc_energy_BagElect)) | — |
| Price_bagasse | 50.0 | — | (5,1,3,1,1,na)$50/t AUD, Derived from the value of exported electricity from the industry (0.12 $AUD/kWh) and the conversion factor for electricity generation from bagasse (0.418 kWh/kg) = 5 $AUD/tonne |
| Price_molasses | 250.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)$250/t AUD Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers for the year represented by the data (2024) |
| BioC_Actual_Molasses | 0.6137600000000001 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_molasses*DM_molasses*CC_molasses | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to molasses, i.e, that contained in the molasses. No biogenic C from combustion of bagasse is attributed to molasses. |
| Input_sugarcane | 100.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t Reference flow |
| Yield_bagasse | 0.288 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/t Bagasse generated per sugarcane milled, in typical Queensland milling scenario, from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Table 3) |
| CC_sugar | 0.421 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| Prod_CQld | 7776352.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Central Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| FracBagMillEnergy | 0.6 | — | (3,3,1,1,1,na)t/t Fraction of generated bagasse that is combusted for the mill's steam and power requirements to produce sugar (60%), based on Renouf et al 2011 (Table 3). |
| FracBagSurplus | 0.05 | — | (3,3,1,1,1,na)t/t Fraction of generated bagasse that is surplus to mill energy and electricity export requirements (5%), LCA of Australian sugarcane processing / 2011/Renouf (Table 3). |
| DM_sugar | 1.0 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| alloc_BagSurplus | 0.7305194805194805 | iff(alloc_switch=0;Alloc_eco_BagSurplus;iff(alloc_switch=1;Alloc_mass_BagSurplus;Alloc_energy_BagSurplus)) | — |
| Frac_rail | 0.88 | — | (4,1,3,1,1,na) t/t Fraction of sugarcane transported to mills by rail, ugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol |
| Alloc_mass_Sugar | 68.80174291938998 | 100*(Yield_sugar+Yield_bagasse*FracBagMillEnergy)/total_mass | Includes the mass of the produced sugar plus the mass of the fraction of the bagasse combusted for mill energy needs to produce the sugar |
| Alloc_energy_Sugar | 75.26592102259757 | 100*(Yield_sugar*Energy_sugar+Yield_bagasse*energy_bagasse*FracBagMillEnergy)/total_energy | Includes the energy content of the produced sugar plus the energy content of the fraction of the bagasse combusted for mill energy needs to produce the sugar |
| Price_sugar | 600.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)$600/t AUD, Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers for the year represented by the data (2024), which also reflects that long-term average |
| Alloc_eco_BagElect | 5.113636363636362 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*FracBagElect*Price_bagasse)/total_Price | Value of the bagasse is based on the value of the electricity that can be generated from bagasse |
| alloc_sugar | 87.05357142857143 | iff(alloc_switch=0;Alloc_eco_Sugar;iff(alloc_switch=1;Alloc_mass_Sugar;Alloc_energy_Sugar)) | — |
| BioC_Outputs | 13.42926 | BioC_Actual_Sugar+BioC_Actual_Molasses+BioC_Actual_BagMillEnergy+BioC_Actual_BagElect+BioC_Actual_BagSurplus+BioC_millmud | t Total biogenic C exported from the sugar mill, contained in the sugar product and in co-products and wastes, and also C emitted from bagasse combustion attributed to each of the products |
| alloc_switch | — | — | 0:economic; 1:mass; 2: energy |
| Dist_rail | 20.6 | — | (4,1,3,1,1,na)km Average distances harvested cane is transported by rail between farm and mill, ugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol |
| BioC_Actual_BagSurplus | 0.32832 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_bagasse*FracBagSurplus*DM_bagasse*CC_bagasse | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to surplus bagasse, i.e, that contained in the surplus bagasse. |
| BRIA_fraction | 0.13463512860220012 | Prod_BRIA/Prod_Qld | — |
| BioC_balance | 0.1387400000000003 | BioC_inputs-BioC_outputs | t C balance check of biogenic C inputs less biogenic C outputs. |
| Yield_millmud | 0.052 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/t Mill mud produced per sugarcane milled, from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| Alloc_eco_Sugar | 87.05357142857143 | 100*(Yield_sugar*Price_sugar)/total_Price | — |
| Yield_sugar | 0.143 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/t Raw sugar produced per sugarcane milled, in typical Queensland milling scenario, from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Table 3) |
| BioC_all_corr_BagElect | -1.9422092045454544 | BioC_all_BagElect-BioC_Actual_BagElect | t Allocation correction for exported electricity from bagasse, which adjusts the C flows to ensure a correct amount of C is attributed. |
| CC_molasses | 0.274 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| Prod_represNQld | 8397375.0 | Prod_SJohnstone+Prod_Tully+Prod_Herbert | — |
| BioC_Actual_BagElect | 2.29824 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_bagasse*FracBagElect*DM_bagasse*CC_bagasse | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to exported electricity, i.e, that emitted from the fraction of the bagasse combusted to generate the exported electricity. |
| Alloc_mass_BagElect | 21.960784313725487 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*FracBagElect)/total_mass | — |
| total_energy | 4.381 | (Yield_sugar*Energy_sugar)+(Yield_molasses*Energy_molasses)+(Yield_bagasse*Energy_bagasse) | — |
| Alloc_eco_Molasses | 7.1022727272727275 | 100*(Yield_molasses*Price_molasses)/total_Price | — |
| CC_bagasse | 0.456 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| Mackay_fraction | 0.26278329111846876 | Prod_CQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| Alloc_eco_BagSurplus | 0.7305194805194805 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*FracBagSurplus*Price_bagasse)/total_Price | Value of the bagasse is based on the value of the electricity that can be generated from bagasse |
| alloc_molasses | 7.1022727272727275 | iff(alloc_switch=0;Alloc_eco_Molasses;iff(alloc_switch=1;Alloc_mass_Molasses;Alloc_energy_Molasses)) | — |
| Dist_road | 21.3 | — | (4,na,3,1,1,na)km Average distances harvested cane is transported by road between farm and mill, ugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol |
| Prod_Qld | 29592262.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in all Queensland growing regions, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| CC_millmud | 0.2 | — | kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| Alloc_mass_BagSurplus | 3.1372549019607843 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*FracBagSurplus)/total_mass | — |
| DM_molasses | 0.8 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| Alloc_energy_Molasses | 6.327322529102944 | 100*(Yield_molasses*Energy_molasses)/total_energy | — |
| BioC_Actual_Sugar | 6.0203 | (Input_sugarcane*Yield_sugar*DM_sugar*CC_Sugar) | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to raw sugar, i.e, that contained in the sugar plus that emitted from the fraction of the bagasse combusted for mill energy needs to produce the sugar. |
| Prod_NQld | 10741338.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Nth Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| Energy_molasses | 9.9 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)MJ/kg (LHV) Derived from the HHV of 11.8 MJ/kg for feed molasses from Feedipedia/2017/INRAE, CIROD, AFZ, converted to a LHV of 9.9 MJ/kg |
| Alloc_mass_Molasses | 6.100217864923748 | 100*Yield_molasses/total_mass | — |
| Herbert_fraction | 0.18896257453896234 | Prod_Herbert/Prod_represNQld*Prod_NQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| BioC_Inputs | 13.568 | Input_sugarcane*DM_sugarcane*CC_sugarcane | t Total biogenic C input to the sugar mill (in the sugarcane) |
| SJohnstone_fraction | 0.06830337019134683 | Prod_SJohnstone/Prod_represNQld*Prod_NQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| BioC_prods | 6.96238 | BioC_Actual_Sugar+BioC_Actual_Molasses+BioC_Actual_BagSurplus | t biogenic carbon in outputs of all products in the inventory before applying allocation |
| Alloc_energy_BagElect | 16.10591189226204 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*Energy_bagasse*FracBagElect)/total_energy | Based on the energy content of the fraction of bagasse that is combusted to generate exported electricity |
| Prod_SQld | 3106258.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Southern Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| DM_bagasse | 0.5 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| BioC_millmud | 0.22880000000000003 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_millmud*DM_millmud*CC_millmud | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to mill mud, i.e, that contained in the mill mud. |
| Bundaberg_fraction | 0.10496858942381626 | Prod_SQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| Prod_Herbert | 4371587.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Herbert district of Nth Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| Energy_bagasse | 7.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)MJ/kg (LHV) Derived from the HHV of 9.6 MJ/kg for bagasse from National Greenhouse Gas Accounts /2025/NGA, converted to a LHV of 7.0 MJ/kg |
| Prod_BurdDelta | 3984158.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Burdekin Delta district of Burdekin growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |