Cattle, manufacturing beef, live weight, Pastoral Zone {AU-SA}| AusLCI, U
Unit process v00.00.000
This dataset represents the production of cattle for beef. The reference flow is 100 Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. (Hume, I., Renouf, M.A., Eady, S.J., Grant, T., 2025). It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government's Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production Volume: 24116.755 kg Activities included: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle in the State, Region, and Production System detailed. Activities included are: Pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm. Direct field emissions are included. The system boundary ends at the farm gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - culled cattle (Cast For Age cows and bulls), prime cattle (heifers, feeder steers and finished steers) and weaner cattle (female and male). Energy values: 13.0 MJ/kg. Nutritional values: Protein: 14.1%. Carbohydrate: 0.8%. Fat: 14.6%. Geography: Pastoral Zone, South Australia, Australia. Technology level: Represents current practices as per gross margins reports (NSW DPI 2023 Rural Solutions SA 2022). Time period: 2017-2021. Version: 1.2 Record: Data entry by: Sandra Eady Tel: ; email: office@lifecycles.com.au; company:Lifecycles; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Sandra Eady Tel: ; email: office@lifecycles.com.au; company:Lifecycles; Country: AU
- Sector
- Material
- Contributor
- —
- Last updated
- 29 Apr 2024
- Reference ID
224ee9cd-83dd-36ef-a4e1-ac8ac58ea32d
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Documentation
- Quantitative reference
- Cattle, manufacturing beef, live weight, Pastoral Zone {AU-SA}| AusLCI, U
- Sampling procedure
- Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024).
- Creation date
- 29 Apr 2024
- Is copyright protected
- No
- Is infrastructure process
- No
- Tags
- material
- Sources
-
National Inventory Report (NIR) 2023/2025/DCCEEW
Ash alkalinity/1991/Slattery et al.
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment/2009/Baldock et al.
Environmental performance of large ruminant supply chains/2016/FAO
A Greenhouse Accounting Framework for Beef and Sheep/2020/Ekonomou A.
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2018-2022/2023/ABS
Assessing beef carcass tissue weights\2010\Navajas et al.
Beef Cattle Gross Margin Budget/2023/NSW DPI /2023
Efficiency of absorbed protein/2018/Mariz, L.D.S. et al
Farm Gross Margin 2015/2015/Rural Solutions SA PIRSA
Land use of Australia 2010-11 to 2020-21/2024/ABARES
Protein content of liveweight/2022/Honig, A.C. et al
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00/2011/Holmes et al.
The heat of combustion values of the protein and fat in pigs\1972\Sharma et al.
Product outputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle, manufacturing beef, live weight, Pastoral Zone {AU-SA}| AusLCI, U | 5943.568 | kg | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Uncertainty 1.07. Quantity of cattle sold (kg live weight). Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.51 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.32 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. |
Technical inputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 254.99384960844634 | kg | — |
| Cattle, manufacturing beef, live weight, Pastoral Zone , biogenic C not balanced {AU-SA}| AusLCI, U | 5943.568 | kg | — |
Parameters
| Name | Value | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EN_Weaners | — | EN_lwt*1000*KG_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total calorific value (kcal) of Weaners. |
| All_Pro_Weaners | — | Pro_Weaners/Pro_Total*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to Weaners based on protein requirement (%) |
| DM_Dry_mix | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of dry season mix |
| BioC_CurrentAll_PrimeCattle | 4458.733335639378 | BioC_Products*All_PrimeCattle/100 | Due to the allocation approach this is how much biogenic CO2 is being directed to the prime cattle product. in kg C. This is likely not the correct amount. |
| Tot_P_fert | 131763.85 | P_fert*HA_Grazing*PR_fert | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate (kg) |
| P_CulledBreeders | 2.76 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for National Processor Cow Indicator ($/kg live weight sold) from MLA https://www.mla.com/prices-markets/statistics/ for 5 year period 2019 - 2024. |
| KM_Protein_pellets | 600.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km) |
| KM_fert | 200.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for fertiliser to farm (km) |
| PUR_Bulls_NO | 0.989 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of replacement bulls purchased per year. Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and Gross Margin publications (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| AF_Wet_mix | — | — | Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| CC_Protein_Pellets | 0.405 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.5 as DM |
| KG_Weaners | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| BioC_inputs | 701.26562187 | Hay*DM_hay*CC_Hay+Copra*DM_Copra*CC_Copra+Molasses*DM_Molasses*CC_Molasses+Cottonseed*DM_Cottonseed*CC_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*DM_Protein_Pellets*CC_Protein_Pellets+PUR_Bulls*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | kg biogenic carbon inputs from feeds |
| All_CulledBreeders_Mass | 19.77213618097184 | kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle (%) |
| KM_Copra | 600.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km) |
| KM_Lick | 400.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km) |
| All_CulledBreeders_En | 19.77213618097184 | En_CulledBreeders/Tot_En*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to CulledBreeders based on energy content (%) |
| All_CulledBreeders | 14.053161072722165 | iff(Allocation=1;All_CulledBreeders_Eco;iff(Allocation=2; All_Culledbreeders_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Culledbreeders_Mass; All_Pro_Culledbreeders))) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to culled breeders. (%) |
| PR_fert | 1.0 | — | Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate |
| KM_fuel | 300.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for fuel to farm (km) |
| PUR_Bulls | 761.53 | PUR_Bulls_WT*PUR_Bulls_NO | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total liveweight of replacement bulls purchased each year (kg) |
| KG_CulledBreeders | 5943.568 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| Pro_Total | 2404.8258400000004 | Pro_CulledBreeders+Pro_PrimeCattle+Pro_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total protein requirment for all coproducts leaving the farm (kg) |
| PUR_Bulls_WT | 770.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Liveweight (kg) of replacement bulls purchased each year. Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| Sorghum_graz | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum grazed (ha) |
| Water | 2213419.802 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year) |
| DM_Hay | 0.88 | — | Dry matter fraction of hay |
| BioC_Pasture_nett | 13842.653287397 | BioC_Products+BioC_as_CH4_emissions-BioC_inputs | kg biogenic carbon added to cattle by pasture after accounting incoming feed, respiration, losses as methane and other losses from system. |
| All_PrimeCattle_En | 80.22786381902817 | En_PrimeCattle/Tot_En*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to PrimeCattle based on energy content (%) |
| CC_Wet_mix | — | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix |
| BioC_as_CH4_emissions | 9356.13842625 | (Ent_CH4+Man_CH4+Dam_Ch4)*12/16 | kg biogenic carbon emitted as methane from various sources. |
| MAN_CH4 | 616.48 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Methane from manure. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| AF_Cottonseed | — | — | Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| CC_Hay | 0.4 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.4 as DM, NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025) |
| BioC_Actual_Primecattle | 4162.045461145 | kg_Primecattle*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | The actual amount of biogenic carbon which should be allocated Prime cattle in kg C. |
| ATMOS_N2O | 7.291 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| BioC_Actual_CulledBreeders | 1025.735021872 | kg_Culledbreeders*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | The actual amount of biogenic carbon which should be allocated culled breeders in kg C. |
| BioC_Actual_Weaners | — | kg_Weaners*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | The actual amount of biogenic carbon which should be allocated weaners in kg C. |
| All_Weaners_En | — | En_Weaners/Tot_En*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to Weaners based on energy content (%) |
| Hay | 1618.868 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg) |
| EN_PrimeCattle | 74761940.5 | EN_lwt*1000*KG_PrimeCattle | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total calorific value (kcal) of PrimeCattle. |
| Allocation | 1.0 | — | Allocation switch, 1 = Economic alocation (default for AusLCI), 2 = Energy allocation, 3 = Mass allocation, 4 = Protein Allocation. |
| EN_CulledBreeders | 18425060.8 | En_lwt*1000*KG_CulledBreeders | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total calorific value (kcal) of VulledBreeders. |
| Cottonseed | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg) |
| P_PrimeCattle | 4.16 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Young Cattle Indicator (Eastern and Western) and National Feeder Steer ($/kg live weight sold) from MLA https://www.mla.com/prices-markets/statistics/ for 5 year period 2019 - 2024. |
| Anthelmintics | 361.746 | (Cows*IntParasites_cows)+(Calves_weaned*IntParasites_weaners) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites |
| All_Weaners_Eco | — | (KG_Weaners*P_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners)*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI (%) |
| KM_Cottonseed | 400.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km) |
| DM_Wet_mix | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of wet season mix |
| DM_Cottonseed | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of cottonseed |
| TotN_LeachGW | 0.252 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| Oats_graz | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats grazed (ha) |
| DAM_CH4 | 144.940235 | DAM_CH4_ha*HA_GRAZING | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total methane emissions form darm dams (kg) (excluding manure fraction which is counted elsewhere) |
| EFN_Leach | 0.011 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O. |
| BioC_Products | 5187.780483017001 | Producttotal*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | kg biogenic carbon in outputs of all products in the inventory before applying allocation |
| KM_Hay | 100.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km) |
| All_CulledBreeders_Eco | 14.053161072722165 | (KG_CulledBreeders*P_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners)*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle (%) - default for AusLCI |
| IntParasites_cows | 2.0 | — | Number of internal parasite treatments for cows (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| BioC_CurrentAll_CulledBreeders | 770.7411722635537 | (BioC_Products+BioC_all_Corr_Primecattle)*All_Culledbreeders/100 | Due to the allocation approach this is how much biogenic CO2 is being directed to the culled breeders product. in kg C. This is likely not the correct amount. |
| All_Pro_CulledBreeders | 19.772136180971838 | Pro_CulledBreeders/Pro_Total*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to Culled Breeders based on protein requirement (%) |
| DM_Copra | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of copra |
| All_PrimeCattle | 85.94683892727784 | iff(Allocation=1;All_PrimeCattle_Eco;iff(Allocation=2; All_PrimeCattle_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_PrimeCattle_Mass; All_Pro_PrimeCattle))) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to prime cattle. (%) |
| Fuel_use | 64.95450000000001 | Fuel*Cows | (1,1,1,1,1,na) 1.05 Uncertainty. Whole farm fuel use (L) |
| TRANS_cattle | 83.7683 | PUR_Bulls/1000*KM_Cattle | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 2 Uncertainty. Livestock transport for purchased cattle (t.km). |
| PC_Lwt | 0.2 | — | Protein content of liveweight. Honig, A.C. et al. 2022 Meat Science 184 doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108685 |
| Pro_PrimeCattle | 1929.3404000000003 | KG_PrimeCattle*PC_Lwt*EFF_P_Lwt | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total protein requirement to produce PrimeCattle (kg) |
| BioC_all__corr_Weaners | — | BioC_Actual_Weaners-BioC_CurrentAll_Weaners | This is the correction to the biogenic carbon required to balance the biogenic carbon for weaners in kg C. |
| Vaccine | 361.746 | (Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml). |
| Soil_C_loss | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Loss of Soil Orgnic Carbon t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer |
| Pro_Weaners | — | KG_Weaners*PC_Lwt*EFF_P_Lwt | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total protein requirement to produce Weaners (kg) |
| DAM_CH4_HA | 0.011 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Methane emissions form farm dams (kg CH4 ha/yr), calcuted using the temperature based approach descibed by National Inventory Report Vol 1 (Australian Government 2024). Dam density described by National Inventory Report Vol 1 (Australian Government 2024). |
| KM_Molasses | 400.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km) |
| All_PrimeCattle_Eco | 85.94683892727784 | (P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners)*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI (%) |
| DMI | 565866.253 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter intake. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| Elec_use | 211.55181000000002 | Elec*Cows | (1,1,1,1,1,na) 1.05 Uncertainty. Whole farm electricity use (kWh) |
| P_Weaners | — | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Restocker Yearlings (Heifers and Steers) ($/kg live weight sold) from MLA https://www.mla.com/prices-markets/statistics/ for 5 year period 2019 - 2024. |
| BioC_CurrentAll_Weaners | — | (BioC_Products+BioC_all_Corr_Primecattle)*All_Weaners/100 | Due to the allocation approach this is how much biogenic CO2 is being directed to the weaner product. in kg C. This is likely not the correct amount. |
| Protein_Pellets | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets 20% CP fed (kg) |
| DM_Protein_Pellets | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of protein pellets |
| Vaccine_vol | 2.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml) |
| HA_GRAZING | 13176.385 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region based on based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2017/18-2021/22 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2023) and Land Use of Australia (ABARES 2025). |
| Wet_mix | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg) |
| CC_livecattle | 0.541 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content 0.541 of animal as DM. (Average carbon content of 0.175 C/kg liveweight assuming dressing of 63%, carcase composition of 70% meat, 20% fat and 10% bone; dry matter content of 15% by-product (blood, rumen, heads and hooves), 25% meat, 85% fat and 74% bone; and carbon content of 53% by-product, 53% meat, 76% fat and 7.5% bone.) |
| IntParasites_weaners | 2.0 | — | Number of internal parasite treatments for weaners (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| Cows | 99.93 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and farm gross margins (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| ID_tags | 2023.575 | Calves_weaned*ID_tag | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Weight of ID tags total (g) |
| Evap_water_loss_T | 13.176385 | Evap_water_loss*HA_GRAZING | (1,1,1,1,1,na) 1.05 Uncertainty. Total evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML/year) |
| All_PrimeCattle_Mass | 80.22786381902817 | kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle (%) |
| CC_Cottonseed | 0.45 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.4 as DM, NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025) |
| AF_Hay | -0.7 | — | Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Slatery et al.). |
| All_Pro_PrimeCattle | 80.22786381902816 | Pro_PrimeCattle/Pro_Total*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to Prime Cattle based on protein requirement (%) |
| Molasses | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg) |
| Copra | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg) |
| Fuel | 0.65 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/Cow mated) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES for 2018-2022 (https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/data/farm-data-portal). |
| ENT_CH4 | 11713.431 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Methane from enteric fermentation. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| AF_Cattle | 0.34 | — | Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.). |
| CC_Dry_mix | — | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix |
| BiogenicCO2 | — | Soil_C_loss*3.667*HA_GRAZING*0 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.5 Uncertainty. Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq |
| CC_Molasses | 0.347 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.42 as DM |
| EN_lwt | 3.1 | — | Calorific value (kcal/g) of live cattle at 54% dressing %. Sharma et al. 1972 and Navaja et al. 2010. |
| KG_PrimeCattle | 24116.755 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| LEACH_N2O | 0.004 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. Frac_WET estimated independently for each livestock region. |
| Pro_CulledBreeders | 475.48544000000004 | KG_CulledBreeders*PC_Lwt*EFF_P_Lwt | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total protein requirement to produce Culled Breeders (kg) |
| DU_N2O | 69.435 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| AF_Copra | — | — | Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on web search unspecifed sources. |
| All_Weaners | — | iff(Allocation=1;All_Weaners_Eco;iff(Allocation=2; All_Weaners_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Weaners_Mass; All_Pro_Weaners))) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to weaners. (%) |
| BioC_all_Corr_Primecattle | 296.68787449437787 | BioC_CurrentAll_PrimeCattle-BioC_Actual_Primecattle | This is the correction to the biogenic carbon required to balance the biogenic carbon for prime cattle in kg C. |
| Dry_mix | 2780.502 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg) |
| Elec | 2.117 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/Cow mated) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES for 2018-2022 (https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/data/farm-data-portal). |
| P_fert | 10.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| TotalTkmRoad | 27643.226134000004 | (Dry_mix*KM_Lick+Wet_mix*KM_LICK+Hay*KM_Hay+Copra*KM_Copra+Molasses*KM_Molasses+Cottonseed*KM_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*KM_Protein_Pellets+Tot_P_fert*KM_fert+Fuel_use*0.84*KM_fuel)/1000 | (3,1,1,1,1,na) 2.1 Uncertainty. Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported by articulated trucks. |
| Cattle | 191.993 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of cattle (Adult Equivalents) carried for the year using herd structure from from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and farm gross margins (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| AF_Protein_Pellets | — | — | Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| ID_tag | 25.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g) |
| NAAR_Inputs | -1.099841576 | (Dry_mix*AF_Dry_mix+Wet_mix*AF_Wet_mix+Hay*AF_Hay+Copra*AF_Copra+Molasses*AF_Molasses+Cottonseed*AF_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*AF_Protein_Pellets)/1000 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer) |
| DM_Molasses | 0.825 | — | Dry matter fraction of molasses |
| ProductTotal | 30060.323 | KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight) |
| NAAR_Cattle | 10.220509820000002 | producttotal*af_cattle/1000 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Change in soil acidity (H ion eq/t) from export of cattle product |
| DeterminingProd | — | KG_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Determining product will change with production system: = KG_Weaners when KG_Weaners > KG_PrimeCattle, otherwise KG_PrimeCattle. |
| Calves_weaned | 80.943 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of calves weaned using herd structure from from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and farm gross margins (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| DM_Livecattle | 0.319 | — | Dry matter fraction of cattle |
| KM_Cattle | 110.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for purchased bulls (km). See Durr et al. 2010 at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287990558_GIS_mapping_of_cattle_market_service_areas_using_the_National_Livestock_Identification_System_NLIS_-_Final_report |
| N_LeachGW | 0.249228 | TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.4 Uncertainty. N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg). |
| All_Weaners_Mass | — | kg_Weaners/ProductTotal*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Mass allocation fraction for Weaner cattle (%) |
| AF_Dry_mix | 0.012 | — | Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| BioC_all__corr_CulledBreeders | 254.99384960844634 | BioC_Actual_CulledBreeders-BioC_CurrentAll_CulledBreeders | This is the correction to the biogenic carbon required to balance the biogenic carbon for culled breeders in kg C. |
| AF_Molasses | — | — | Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| Tot_En | 93187001.3 | En_CulledBreeders+En_PrimeCattle+En_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total calorific value (kcal) of co-products. |
| EFF_P_Lwt | 0.4 | — | Efficiency of use of absorbed protein partitioned to liveweight. Mariz, L.D.S. 2018 J. Anim Sci 96: 670-683 doi: 10.1093/jas/sky018 |
| Evap_water_loss | 0.001 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML/ha/year). Dam density described by National Inventory Report Vol 1 (Australian Government 2024) with evaporation rate from Bureau of Metorology 1990-2020. |
| CC_Copra | 0.45 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.5 as DM |