Barley straw, dryland, South West {AU-WA}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U
Unit process v00.00.000
This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of barley. The yield is 3194 t/ha. Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. (Hume, I., Renouf, M.A., Eady, S.J., Grant, T., 2025). It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government’s Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production Volume: 1384080 t/yr. Activities included: This activity starts after the harvest of the previous crop. Activities included are: the inputs of seeds, mineral fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation water, all machine operations and corresponding machine infrastructure and sheds. It is assumed that no organic fertilisers are applied. Machine operations are: soil cultivation, sowing, fertilisation, irrigation, weed control, pest and pathogen control, combine-harvest, and drying of grains. Direct field emissions are included. This activity ends after harvest and drying of grains at the farm gate. Energy values: 18.4MJ/kg (gross). Nutritional values: Protein: 12%. Carbohydrate: 61%. Fat: 2%. Geography: South West, WA, AU. Technology level: Represents current practices as per gross margins reports (AgMargins 2024 & SA Gross Margin Guide 2022). Time period: 2017-2021. Record: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU
- Sector
- Material
- Contributor
- —
- Last updated
- 30 May 2025
- Reference ID
2257b7aa-d704-3e4a-a629-9155622ef472
Download this dataset Ask a question about this dataset
Downloads require a free account. You'll be asked to register or sign in.
Documentation
- Quantitative reference
- Barley straw, dryland, South West {AU-WA}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U
- Sampling procedure
- Secondray data compiled from publicly available resources. Validated by expert knowledge to represent typical representative practices and inputs.
- Creation date
- 30 May 2025
- Is copyright protected
- No
- Is infrastructure process
- No
- Tags
- material
- Sources
- —
Product outputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barley straw, dryland, South West {AU-WA}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U | 435.63950320000004 | kg | Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.4 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.91 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. Heating value, gross: 18.2 MJ/kg |
Technical inputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barley straw, dryland, South West , biogenic C not balanced {AU-WA}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U | 435.63950320000004 | kg | — |
| Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 145.67784987008 | kg | Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the plant. Calculated. |
Parameters
| Name | Value | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon_burning | — | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*Fburnt*CC_residue*Burn_efficiency*EFburn_CO2*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue burnt - |
| DM_crop | 0.88 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg crop] Dry matter content of barley crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Grain_DM | 2757.7774400000003 | m_grain*DM_Crop | kg DM of grain - |
| CC_crop | 0.4 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for barley crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| CC_residue | 0.4 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for barley straw - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| P_Crop | 400.0 | — | (1,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - CSIRO, 2025 |
| All_En | 88.44070875707509 | (grain_DM*ED_Crop)/(straw_DM*ed_Straw+grain_DM*ED_Crop)*100 | Allocation fraction for the primary crop based on energy content |
| NCbg_residue | 0.01 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of below-ground barley crop residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Methane_in_burn | 0.5888452036853761 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CH4*44/12 | [kg CO2] Methane as CO2 for balance purposes - |
| Carbon_Grain | 4044.740245333334 | Grain_DM*CC_crop*44/12 | [kg CO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by grain CO2 - |
| Fremoved | 0.11 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of the crop removed in the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Yield | 3193.838 | — | (1,2,1,1,1,na) -[kg/ha] yield, calculated from five year average ('18 - '22) - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017-2022 |
| Fresremaining | 0.5 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction remaining at the time of burning for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| DM_residue | 0.88 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg residue] Dry matter content of barley residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EFburn_CH4 | 0.004 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CH4 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EFburn_CO2 | — | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO2 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon_deg_before_burn | 153.3451051264 | Yield*Res_crop*Fburnt*(1-Fresremaining)*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue set to be burnt by degraded before burn - |
| Straw_DM | 383.36276281600004 | m_straw*DM_residue | kg DM of straw - |
| ED_Crop | 18.4 | — | (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] Energy density of barley crop - Feedipedia |
| Carbon_balance | 135.13997424579344 | Carbon_Absorb_Crop+Carbon_Absorb_Residue-Carbon_burning-Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg-Carbon_deg_before_burn-Carbon_Residue_remaining-Carbon_Grain-Carbon_Straw-Carbon_monoxide_in_burn-Methane_in_burn | Balance check of all biogenic carbons. - |
| Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain | -534.1521161902934 | (Carbon_Grain-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain)/(All_Grain/100) | [kg CO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determning product (barley) - |
| Carbon_Absorb_Residue | 5111.503504213334 | (Yield*Res_crop*DM_residue*CC_residue)*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in residue production - |
| Allocation | 1.0 | — | Allocation switch, 1 = Economic alocation (default for AusLCI), 2 = Energy allocation, 3 = Mass allocation, - |
| All_Grain | 99.3097402307166 | iff(Allocation=2; All_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Mass;All_Eco)) | Allocation to wheat - |
| All_Straw_En | 11.559291242924912 | (straw_DM*ed_straw)/(ed_Straw*straw_DM+grain_DM*ED_Crop)*100 | Allocation fraction for straw based on energy content |
| Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain | 4575.20532435879 | (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw)*All_Grain/100 | [kg CO2] biogenic carbon exported in barley - |
| Carbon_Residue_remaining | 4242.5479084970675 | Yield*Res_crop*((1-Fburnt-Fremoved))*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue remaining - |
| m_straw | 435.63950320000004 | yield*Res_crop*fremoved | kg Straw - wet mass - |
| Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_straw | 534.1521161902933 | (Carbon_Straw-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_straw) | [kg CO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determning product (barley) straw - |
| All_Straw | 0.6902597692833904 | iff(Allocation=2; All_straw_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_straw_Mass;All_straw_Eco)) | Allocation to straw - |
| Burn_efficiency | 0.96 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default burning efficiency for residue from crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon_monoxide_in_burn | 11.482481471864832 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CO*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon monoxide as CO2 for balance purposes - |
| All_Straw_Mass | 12.204573437133408 | (straw_DM)/(straw_DM+grain_DM)*100 | Mass allocation fraction for straw |
| Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_straw | 28.113269273173334 | (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw+Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain)*All_straw/100 | [kg CO2] biogenic carbon exported in barley straw - |
| NCag_residue | 0.007 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of above-ground barley crop residue - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| ED_Straw | 17.3 | — | (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] energy density of barley straw - Feedipedia |
| Res_crop | 1.24 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kg crop residue/kg crop]] Residue/crop ratio for barley - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EFburn_CO | 0.078 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| All_Eco | 99.3097402307166 | (m_grain*P_Crop)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_Crop)*100 | Economic allocation fraction for the primary crop |
| Carbon_Absorb_Crop | 4044.740245333334 | (((Yield-seed_input)*DM_crop*CC_crop))*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in grain net grain production (excluding seed input) kg - |
| Lime_purity | 0.9 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025). |
| All_Straw_Eco | 0.6902597692833904 | (m_straw*P_straw)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_Crop)*100 | Economic allocation fraction for straw |
| All_Mass | 87.79542656286658 | (grain_DM/(straw_DM+grain_DM))*100 | Mass allocation fraction for the primary crop |
| Fburnt | 0.06 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of residues burnt for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| m_grain | 3133.838 | yield-Seed_input | kg Grain - wet mass - |
| Seed_input | 60.0 | — | (3,3,2,3,2,na) - [kg/ha] of seed - |
| Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg | 6.133804205056006 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*(1-Burn_efficiency)*Fburnt*CC_residue*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon emission from fraction of carbon not burnt in the burn kg CO2 - |
| OTHERDATA | 1.0 | — | OTHER DATA - - |
| Carbon_Straw | 562.2653854634667 | Straw_DM*CC_residue*44/12 | [kg CO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by straw CO2 - |
| P_Straw | 20.0 | — | (4,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - |