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Cattle production, Dalrymple Flinders Downs Mitchell , QLD, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintentance of cattle herd in the REGION_NAME including pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm The system boundary ends at the field gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - weaners, prime cattle and culled cattle. The direct emissions on the field are also included. Excluded processes: Indirect land use change is not included by default however the details of land use change in REGION_NAME is included in parameters of the inventory. Remark: This process is an unallocated coproducing process for cattle production in REGION Name and should not be used directly in an LCA. For specific products use the allocatted inventory processes for specific products. This inventory has been developed as with support from Australian Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grants for the project ?AusAgLCI ? enabling continual improvement of sustainability by life cycle impact assessment (INNOV-033)? which is was undertaken by CSIRO Sustainable Agricuture Flagship and Life Cycle Strategies from 2014-2016. Technology: Average Time period: Data collected for 2012 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU

Sector
Material
Contributor
—
Last updated
27 Apr 2019
Reference ID
3c890c88-68aa-38b6-993f-9a8ab1584105

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Documentation

Quantitative reference
Cattle production, Dalrymple Flinders Downs Mitchell , QLD, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure
Herd structures have been developed from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).) Emisssions are calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2014).
Creation date
27 Apr 2019
Is copyright protected
No
Is infrastructure process
No
Tags
material
Sources
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2013-14 / 2015/ABS
National Inventory Report 2013 Volume 1 / 2015/Department of the Environment
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia/ 2011/W. Holmes, et. al.
Updated FarmGAS Tools and Support Material / 2010/Australian Farm Institute

Product outputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Cattle production, Dalrymple Flinders Downs Mitchell , QLD, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 1.0 kg Unallocation inventory for production of a range of cattle in this region as described in the comment field

Technical inputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Cottonseed meal (t)
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Protein pellets (t). Using cottonseed meal as a proxy
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Copra meal (t). Using cottonseed meal as a proxy
Diesel {RoW}| market for diesel | Cut-off, U 0.027985284705915107 kg Fuel use obtained from ABARES farm survey data for 3 years between 2010 and 2012. Fuel price for capital cities and localities in 2014 obtained from motormouth.com.au. We calculated the relative difference between capital city and regional localities fuel prices for 1/12/2014. Historical diesel prices for capital cities calculated from RACQ Annual Fuel Price Report 2013 and used to estimate regional diesel prices for 2010, 2011 and 2012
Dry season mix, 30% urea, 5,4% P, with protein meal, at production {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.13533112707486722 kg Dry lick per head obtained from appropriate Breedcow template. Total supplement for heard obtained by multiplying the supplement per head of each cattle category with the number of heads of each cattle category
Electricity, low voltage {AU-QLD}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.030678107064585416 kWh Electricity use obtained from ABARES farm survey data for 3 years between 2010 and 2012. Electricity costs multiplied by average electricity price per state for each year to estimate total kwh
Forage sorghum, irrigated, Darling Downs QLD {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Forage sorghum unit is hectares but we need amount in tonnes. We convert area to mass using average yield of 1.5 tonnes/ha
Molasses, C-grade, at mill gate, {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Molasses feed (t)
Native Pasture hay, Northern Australia {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.08168745005766535 kg Hay feed per head obtained from appropriate Breedcow template. Total hay feed for heard obtained by multiplying the hay feed per head of each cattle category with the number of heads of each cattle category
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.09092690408028901 t*km Total transport of inputs to region. All assumed to be by articulated truck
Wet season mix, 20% GranAm, 40% Kynofos, 40% Salt, at production {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Wet lick per head obtained from appropriate Breedcow template. Total supplement for heard obtained by multiplying the supplement per head of each cattle category with the number of heads of each cattle category
Wheat grain, dryland, Darling Downs, Qld, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Use wheat as proxy for oats. Oats unit is hectares but we need amount in tonnes. We convert area to mass using average yield of 1.5 tonnes/ha

Elementary flow inputs

Flow Sub-compartment AmountUnitComment
Carbon dioxide, in air in air 0.29119413666436694 kg Net atmospheric CO2 absorbed by production system (if positive) or released (if negative) based on
Occupation, grassland, natural, for livestock grazing — 0.07368157079138507 ha*a Intersection of SA2 and Landuse Map for natural and sown pastures
Water, fresh — 114.81221336523443 l Total water use is calculated from cattle requirements taking account of dietary intake and climate conditions

Elementary flow outputs

Flow CompartmentSub-compartment AmountUnitComment
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.0 kg N2O leaching and runoff
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.0019380424158852863 kg Dung and Urine N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.0008902581134512083 kg N2O atmospheric deposition
Enteric methane Non material emissions— 61567770.01499999 kg —
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airunspecified 0.00045709512042052026 kg Manure Methane
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airunspecified 0.42162781258032017 kg Enteric Methane
hydrogen ions Emissions to soil— 0.0019067923098580412 kg Acidity added due to entire crop system Crops addition, fertiliser addition, imported crop addition

Parameters

NameValueFormulaDescription
KM_Copra 400.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Transport distance copra meal (km) (estimated)
CC_Molasses 0.405 — Carbon content of molasses as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
P_CulledBreeders 1.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Price for culled cattle - eg. .bulls, cows, spays, (average price ($/kg) = 0.95., Source...
Cottonseed — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed feed (kg)
Ent_CH4 61567770.01499999 DMI*EF_Ent kg methane based on DMI and emission factor from (Department of the Environment 2014)
P_Weaners 1.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Price for weaners (average price ($/kg), Source..
Molasses — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses feed (kg)
Dry_mix 19761589.39 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg)
Copra — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal feed (kg)
KM_Protein_pellets 600.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Transport distance protein pellets (km) (estimated)
All_Weaners_Mass 0.0000006009935924995108 kg_Weaners/ProductTotal Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on mass allocation of beef
Elec 4479739.201 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total electricity (kwh) caclulated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABS.......
KM_Cottonseed 400.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Transport distance cottonseed (km) (estimated)
ATMOS_N2O 129999.0303 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2014) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).
Wet_mix — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg)
ProductTotal 146023977.01947454 KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners Total productin of cattle from this process
Sorghum — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total forage sorghum feed (ha)
NAAR_Cattle 49648.152186621344 producttotal*af_cattle/1000 kg H+ Added due to plant removal
EconomicAll 1.0 — By default this is set to 1 for economic allocation of different cattle classes. For mass allocation set to 0.
CC_Protein_Pellets 0.405 — Carbon content of protein pellets as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
AF_Hay -0.7 — mole per kg based on on pasture hay. Source is Baldock et al. 2009. Building a foundation for soil condition assessment. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report.
CC_Copra 0.405 — Carbon content of copra as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
CC_Oats 0.405 — Carbon content of oats as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
All_Weaners 0.0000008525783006587018 All_Weaners_Eco*EconomicAll+All_Weaners_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
CC_Dry_mix — — Carbon content of dry mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
CC_Cottonseed 0.405 — Carbon content of cottonseed as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
P_PrimeCattle 1.49375 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Price for steers/bullocks, heifers (average price ($/kg), Source..
KG_CulledBreeders 45667545.86 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Culled cattle - eg. .bulls, cows, spays calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).
Fuel 4830404.93 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total fuel (diesel) (litres)
HA_GRAZING 10759276.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Bcow template (original areas by SA2 from AgCensus 2010-11)
All_Culledbreeders 0.23350400475518984 All_CulledBreeders_Eco*EconomicAll+All_CulledBreeders_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
All_CulledBreeders_Eco 0.23350400475518984 (KG_CulledBreeders*P_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
KG_PrimeCattle 100356343.4 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Prime cattle - eg.steers/bullocks, heifers calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).
All_PrimeCattle 0.7664951426665093 All_PrimeCattle_Eco*EconomicAll+All_PrimeCattle_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
KM_Molasses 400.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Transport distance molasses (km) (estimated)
Lime_purity 0.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
C_imported 4830972.1636500005 Hay*CC_Hay+Dry_mix*CC_Dry_mix+Wet_mix*CC_Wet_mix+Copra*CC_Copra+Molasses*CC_Molasses+Cottonseed*CC_Cottonseed+Sorghum*CC_Sorghum+Oats*CC_Oats+Protein_Pellets*CC_Protein_Pellets kg of biogenic carbon in imported feed
CC_cattle 0.1125 — Carbon content of cattle assuming moisture content of 75%
CC_Wet_mix — — Carbon content of wet mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 50%
DMI 2863617210.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter Intake. (Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2014) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).
AF_Dry_mix 0.012 — 30% urea which is 0.036 = 0.012. Acid Factor in kMol/ kg Urea. Based onAdams (1984)1; Fenton & Helyar (2000)2
AF_Cattle 0.34 — Milk number- need number for meat live weight
LEACH_N2O — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2014) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).
MAN_CH4 66746.84736 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2014) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).
EF_Ent 0.0215 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Methane emission factor in kg methane per kg of DMI. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
CC_Hay 0.405 — Carbon content of hay as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Protein_Pellets — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets feed (kg)
All_PrimeCattle_Eco 0.7664951426665093 (P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Allocation fraction for culled breeding cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
C_added 11596725.251040885 C_cattle-C_imported Net carbon added by this process, from pasture into cattle less carbon output from cattle via respiration and manure. Assumes soil carbon is stable thorugh the process.
All_Weaners_Eco 0.0000008525783006587018 (KG_Weaners*P_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
All_PrimeCattle_Mass 0.6872593491041266 kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal Allocation fraction for prime beef based on mass allocation of beef
Oats — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total oats feed (ha)
TotalTkmRoad 13277508.15187209 (Hay*KM_Hay+Dry_mix*KM_Towns+Wet_mix*KM_Towns+Copra*KM_Copra+Molasses*KM_Molasses+Cottonseed*KM_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*KM_Protein_pellets)/1000 Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported for articulated trucks.
DU_N2O 283000.6612 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2014) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).
KG_Weaners 87.75947454 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Weaners calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates ((Holmes et al. 2011) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for three years from 2010-2012 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2015).
All_CulledBreeders_Mass 0.312740049902281 kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on mass allocation of beef
CC_Sorghum 0.405 — Carbon content of sorghum as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Water 16765336006.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total water intake (L/year)
C_cattle 16427697.414690886 CC_cattle*ProductTotal kg of biogenic carbon in cattle leaving the system as products
Hay 11928326.33 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay feed (kg)
KM_Hay 100.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Transport distance hay (km) (estimated)
NAAR_Inputs 228789.244249 (Hay*AF_Hay)/1000+Dry_mix*af_dry_mix kg H ions added + or substracted -ve by the imported products.
KM_Towns 611.52346 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Straight distance from Bcow template centroid to Townsville (km) times square root of 2 for more realistic approximation of road distance (Andrew Higgins)