Bagasse, surplus at mill gate {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U
Unit process v00.00.000
This dataset represents the milling of sugarcane to produce raw sugar, with co-products of molasses and exported electricity from surplus bagasse. The yield is 14.3 tonne raw sugar/100 tonne sugarcane, with sugarcane having moisture content of 0.489 Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government’s Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production volume: 31230689000 kg/yr raw sugar. It represents typical sugar milling processes across Queensland sugar mills. Activities include transport of harvested cane to sugar mills, milling of sugarcane to produce bulk raw sugar and co-products, combustion of bagasse to generate steam and power for the mill with surplus electricity exported to the grid, land appliation of mill mud. Energy value of raw sugar: 15.6 MJ/kg (gross). Geography:Queensland, Australia. Time period: 2024. Technology level: Representative of current practices for the time period (2024), based on consultation with sugar milling companies. Record: Marguerite Renouf; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; email: office@lifecycles.com.au; company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Marguerite Renouf; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; email: office@lifecycles.com.au; company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU
- Sector
- Material
- Contributor
- —
- Last updated
- 11 Sep 2012
- Reference ID
612e6af7-abd8-3034-96dd-78855ae66d6b
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Documentation
- Quantitative reference
- Bagasse, surplus at mill gate {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U
- Sampling procedure
- Secondary data derived from industry studies
- Creation date
- 11 Sep 2012
- Is copyright protected
- No
- Is infrastructure process
- No
- Tags
- material
- Sources
-
National Greenhouse Accounts Factors/2024/Commonwealth of Australia
Feedipedia/2012/INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ, FAO
Life cycle assessment of Australian sugarcane growing./2010/Renouf
Life cycle assessment of Australian sugarcane processing/2011/Renouf
Mill energy balance model/2012/QUT
NGER wastewater (industrial) calculator/2012/NGER
Sugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol
Product outputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bagasse, surplus at mill gate {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U | 1.44 | t | 28t bagasse generated from the reference flow of 100 t cane, of which 60% combusted for mill energy (~17t), 35% combusted for electricity export ~ ( 10t) and 5% as surplus (1t), derived from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Table 3), with adjustments to recognise a degree of surplus bagasse directed to other uses. Biogenic carbon content is 0.228 kgC/kg bagasse |
Technical inputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bagasse, surplus at mill gate , biogenic C not balanced {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U | 1.44 | t | — |
| Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U | -277.4584577922078 | kg | Allocation correction for surplus bagasse, which adjusts the C flows to ensure a correct C balance. |
Parameters
| Name | Value | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| total_mass | 0.45899999999999996 | Yield_sugar+Yield_molasses+Yield_bagasse | — |
| DM_bagasse | 0.5 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| Prod_Herbert | 4371587.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Herbert district of Nth Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| Prod_SQld | 3106258.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Southern Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| Prod_SJohnstone | 1580176.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in South Johnstone district of Nth Queensland growing region, from QLD Canegrowers statistics |
| CC_molasses | 0.274 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| Alloc_mass_BagElect | 21.960784313725487 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*FracBagElect)/total_mass | — |
| BioC_Outputs | 13.42926 | BioC_Actual_Sugar+BioC_Actual_Molasses+BioC_Actual_BagMillEnergy+BioC_Actual_BagElect+BioC_Actual_BagSurplus+BioC_millmud | t Total biogenic C exported from the sugar mill, contained in the sugar product and in co-products and wastes, and also C emitted from bagasse combustion attributed to each of the products |
| CC_bagasse | 0.456 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| Price_molasses | 250.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)$250/t AUD Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers for the year represented by the data (2024) |
| Yield_sugar | 0.143 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/t Raw sugar produced per sugarcane milled, in typical Queensland milling scenario, from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Table 3) |
| Energy_sugar | 14.6 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)MJ/kg (LHV) Derived from the HHV of 16 MJ/kg for raw sugar from Feedipedia/2017/INRAE, CIROD, AFZ, converted to a LHV of 14.6MJ/kg |
| alloc_BagSurplus | 0.7305194805194805 | iff(alloc_switch=0;Alloc_eco_BagSurplus;iff(alloc_switch=1;Alloc_mass_BagSurplus;Alloc_energy_BagSurplus)) | — |
| BioC_all_BagSurplus | 0.0508615422077922 | (BioC_prods*alloc_BagSurplus)/100 | t Allocated flow of biogenic C attributed to raw surplus bagasse. |
| total_energy | 4.381 | (Yield_sugar*Energy_sugar)+(Yield_molasses*Energy_molasses)+(Yield_bagasse*Energy_bagasse) | — |
| Alloc_energy_BagSurplus | 2.3008445560374344 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*Energy_bagasse*FracBagSurplus)/total_energy | Based on the energy content of the fraction of bagasse that is surplus |
| Energy_molasses | 9.9 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)MJ/kg (LHV) Derived from the HHV of 11.8 MJ/kg for feed molasses from Feedipedia/2017/INRAE, CIROD, AFZ, converted to a LHV of 9.9 MJ/kg |
| alloc_switch | — | — | 0:economic; 1:mass; 2: energy |
| BioC_Actual_BagElect | 2.29824 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_bagasse*FracBagElect*DM_bagasse*CC_bagasse | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to exported electricity, i.e, that emitted from the fraction of the bagasse combusted to generate the exported electricity. |
| Herbert_fraction | 0.18896257453896234 | Prod_Herbert/Prod_represNQld*Prod_NQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| BioC_Actual_Molasses | 0.6137600000000001 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_molasses*DM_molasses*CC_molasses | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to molasses, i.e, that contained in the molasses. No biogenic C from combustion of bagasse is attributed to molasses. |
| Price_bagasse | 50.0 | — | (5,1,3,1,1,na)$50/t AUD, Derived from the value of exported electricity from the industry (0.12 $AUD/kWh) and the conversion factor for electricity generation from bagasse (0.418 kWh/kg) = 5 $AUD/tonne |
| DM_millmud | 0.22 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| BioC_Inputs | 13.568 | Input_sugarcane*DM_sugarcane*CC_sugarcane | t Total biogenic C input to the sugar mill (in the sugarcane) |
| CC_sugar | 0.421 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| FracBagElect | 0.35 | — | (3,3,1,1,1,na)t/t Fraction of generated bagasse that is combusted to produce exported electricity (35%), LCA of Australian sugarcane processing / 2011/Renouf (Table 3). |
| DM_sugarcane | 0.32 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| alloc_BagElect | 5.113636363636362 | iff(alloc_switch=0;Alloc_eco_BagElect;iff(alloc_switch=1;Alloc_mass_BagElect;Alloc_energy_BagElect)) | — |
| Dist_rail | 20.6 | — | (4,1,3,1,1,na)km Average distances harvested cane is transported by rail between farm and mill, ugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol |
| Input_sugarcane | 100.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t Reference flow |
| alloc_molasses | 7.1022727272727275 | iff(alloc_switch=0;Alloc_eco_Molasses;iff(alloc_switch=1;Alloc_mass_Molasses;Alloc_energy_Molasses)) | — |
| Energy_bagasse | 7.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)MJ/kg (LHV) Derived from the HHV of 9.6 MJ/kg for bagasse from National Greenhouse Gas Accounts /2025/NGA, converted to a LHV of 7.0 MJ/kg |
| Alloc_energy_BagElect | 16.10591189226204 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*Energy_bagasse*FracBagElect)/total_energy | Based on the energy content of the fraction of bagasse that is combusted to generate exported electricity |
| BioC_Actual_Sugar | 6.0203 | (Input_sugarcane*Yield_sugar*DM_sugar*CC_Sugar) | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to raw sugar, i.e, that contained in the sugar plus that emitted from the fraction of the bagasse combusted for mill energy needs to produce the sugar. |
| Elect_from_Bagasse | 0.418 | — | (4,3,3,1,1,na)LCA of Australian sugarcane processing / 2011/RenoufMWh/t Conversion factor for electricity generation from bagasse in sugar mill co-generation plant, LCA of Australian sugarcane processing / 2011/Renouf (Table 3), based on 4.6 MWh generated from 11t bagasse = 0.418 kWh/kg |
| Yield_bagasse | 0.288 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/t Bagasse generated per sugarcane milled, in typical Queensland milling scenario, from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Table 3) |
| alloc_sugar | 87.05357142857143 | iff(alloc_switch=0;Alloc_eco_Sugar;iff(alloc_switch=1;Alloc_mass_Sugar;Alloc_energy_Sugar)) | — |
| BioC_balance | 0.1387400000000003 | BioC_inputs-BioC_outputs | t C balance check of biogenic C inputs less biogenic C outputs. |
| Yield_molasses | 0.028 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/t Molasses produced per sugarcane milled, in typical Queensland milling scenario, from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Table 3) |
| BioC_Actual_BagSurplus | 0.32832 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_bagasse*FracBagSurplus*DM_bagasse*CC_bagasse | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to surplus bagasse, i.e, that contained in the surplus bagasse. |
| Price_sugar | 600.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)$600/t AUD, Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers for the year represented by the data (2024), which also reflects that long-term average |
| Prod_BRIA | 3984158.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Burdekin River Irrigation Area district of Burdekin growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| BRIA_fraction | 0.13463512860220012 | Prod_BRIA/Prod_Qld | — |
| Frac_road | 0.12 | — | (4,1,3,1,1,na)t/t Fraction of sugarcane transported to mills by road, ugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol |
| Frac_rail | 0.88 | — | (4,1,3,1,1,na) t/t Fraction of sugarcane transported to mills by rail, ugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol |
| Prod_represNQld | 8397375.0 | Prod_SJohnstone+Prod_Tully+Prod_Herbert | — |
| Alloc_mass_BagSurplus | 3.1372549019607843 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*FracBagSurplus)/total_mass | — |
| Prod_NQld | 10741338.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Nth Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| CC_sugarcane | 0.424 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| Prod_Tully | 2445612.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Tully district of Nth Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| FracBagSurplus | 0.05 | — | (3,3,1,1,1,na)t/t Fraction of generated bagasse that is surplus to mill energy and electricity export requirements (5%), LCA of Australian sugarcane processing / 2011/Renouf (Table 3). |
| Tully_fraction | 0.10571198510824117 | Prod_Tully/Prod_represNQld*Prod_NQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| Alloc_energy_Sugar | 75.26592102259757 | 100*(Yield_sugar*Energy_sugar+Yield_bagasse*energy_bagasse*FracBagMillEnergy)/total_energy | Includes the energy content of the produced sugar plus the energy content of the fraction of the bagasse combusted for mill energy needs to produce the sugar |
| Alloc_mass_Sugar | 68.80174291938998 | 100*(Yield_sugar+Yield_bagasse*FracBagMillEnergy)/total_mass | Includes the mass of the produced sugar plus the mass of the fraction of the bagasse combusted for mill energy needs to produce the sugar |
| total_price | 98.56 | (Yield_sugar*Price_sugar)+(Yield_molasses*Price_molasses)+(Yield_bagasse*FracBagElect*Price_bagasse)+(Yield_bagasse*FracBagSurplus*Price_bagasse) | — |
| BurdDelta_fraction | 0.13463512860220012 | Prod_BurdDelta/Prod_Qld | — |
| FracBagMillEnergy | 0.6 | — | (3,3,1,1,1,na)t/t Fraction of generated bagasse that is combusted for the mill's steam and power requirements to produce sugar (60%), based on Renouf et al 2011 (Table 3). |
| Alloc_eco_BagSurplus | 0.7305194805194805 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*FracBagSurplus*Price_bagasse)/total_Price | Value of the bagasse is based on the value of the electricity that can be generated from bagasse |
| DM_sugar | 1.0 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| CC_millmud | 0.2 | — | kg/kg Carbon fraction of dry matter |
| BioC_millmud | 0.22880000000000003 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_millmud*DM_millmud*CC_millmud | t Physical flow of biogenic C attributed to mill mud, i.e, that contained in the mill mud. |
| Dist_road | 21.3 | — | (4,na,3,1,1,na)km Average distances harvested cane is transported by road between farm and mill, ugarcane transport study/2012/Pernase and Pekol |
| DM_molasses | 0.8 | — | kg/kg Dry matter fraction from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| BioC_all_corr_BagSurplus | -0.2774584577922078 | BioC_all_BagSurplus-BioC_Actual_BagSurplus | t Allocation correction for surplus bagasse, which adjusts the C flows to ensure a correct amount of C is attributed. |
| BioC_Actual_BagMillEnergy | 3.93984 | Input_sugarcane*Yield_bagasse*FracBagMillEnergy*DM_bagasse*CC_bagasse | — |
| SJohnstone_fraction | 0.06830337019134683 | Prod_SJohnstone/Prod_represNQld*Prod_NQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| Prod_Qld | 29592262.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in all Queensland growing regions, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| Alloc_eco_BagElect | 5.113636363636362 | 100*(Yield_bagasse*FracBagElect*Price_bagasse)/total_Price | Value of the bagasse is based on the value of the electricity that can be generated from bagasse |
| Prod_CQld | 7776352.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Central Queensland growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| Alloc_energy_Molasses | 6.327322529102944 | 100*(Yield_molasses*Energy_molasses)/total_energy | — |
| Mackay_fraction | 0.26278329111846876 | Prod_CQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| Alloc_eco_Molasses | 7.1022727272727275 | 100*(Yield_molasses*Price_molasses)/total_Price | — |
| BioC_prods | 6.96238 | BioC_Actual_Sugar+BioC_Actual_Molasses+BioC_Actual_BagSurplus | t biogenic carbon in outputs of all products in the inventory before applying allocation |
| Bundaberg_fraction | 0.10496858942381626 | Prod_SQld/Prod_Qld | — |
| Yield_millmud | 0.052 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/t Mill mud produced per sugarcane milled, from LCA of Australian sugarcane systems/2011/Renouf (Fig 2.3) |
| Prod_BurdDelta | 3984158.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na)t/yr Sugarcane production in Burdekin Delta district of Burdekin growing region, from Queensland sugarcane production statistics/2024/QLD Canegrowers |
| Alloc_eco_Sugar | 87.05357142857143 | 100*(Yield_sugar*Price_sugar)/total_Price | — |
| Alloc_mass_Molasses | 6.100217864923748 | 100*Yield_molasses/total_mass | — |