Cattle, manufacturing beef, live weight, North Coast {AU-NSW}| coastal weaners | AusLCI, U
Unit process v00.00.000
This dataset represents the production of cattle for beef. The reference flow is 100 Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. (Hume, I., Renouf, M.A., Eady, S.J., Grant, T., 2025). It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government's Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production Volume: 1558.153 kg Activities included: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle in the State, Region, and Production System detailed. Activities included are: Pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm. Direct field emissions are included. The system boundary ends at the farm gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - culled cattle (Cast For Age cows and bulls), prime cattle (heifers, feeder steers and finished steers) and weaner cattle (female and male). Energy values: 13.0 MJ/kg. Nutritional values: Protein: 14.1%. Carbohydrate: 0.8%. Fat: 14.6%. Geography: North Coast, New South Wales, Australia. Technology level: Represents current practices as per gross margins reports (NSW DPI 2023 Rural Solutions SA 2022). Time period: 2017-2021. Version: 1.2 Record: Data entry by: Sandra Eady Tel: ; email: office@lifecycles.com.au; company:Lifecycles; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Sandra Eady Tel: ; email: office@lifecycles.com.au; company:Lifecycles; Country: AU
- Sector
- Material
- Contributor
- —
- Last updated
- 29 Apr 2024
- Reference ID
64b64a12-1acb-34c5-9d3e-2a97deb5f64c
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Documentation
- Quantitative reference
- Cattle, manufacturing beef, live weight, North Coast {AU-NSW}| coastal weaners | AusLCI, U
- Sampling procedure
- Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024).
- Creation date
- 29 Apr 2024
- Is copyright protected
- No
- Is infrastructure process
- No
- Tags
- material
- Sources
-
National Inventory Report (NIR) 2023/2025/DCCEEW
Ash alkalinity/1991/Slattery et al.
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment/2009/Baldock et al.
Environmental performance of large ruminant supply chains/2016/FAO
A Greenhouse Accounting Framework for Beef and Sheep/2020/Ekonomou A.
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2018-2022/2023/ABS
Assessing beef carcass tissue weights\2010\Navajas et al.
Beef Cattle Gross Margin Budget/2023/NSW DPI /2023
Efficiency of absorbed protein/2018/Mariz, L.D.S. et al
Farm Gross Margin 2015/2015/Rural Solutions SA PIRSA
Land use of Australia 2010-11 to 2020-21/2024/ABARES
Protein content of liveweight/2022/Honig, A.C. et al
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00/2011/Holmes et al.
The heat of combustion values of the protein and fat in pigs\1972\Sharma et al.
Product outputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cattle, manufacturing beef, live weight, North Coast {AU-NSW}| coastal weaners | AusLCI, U | 10045.299 | kg | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Uncertainty 1.07. Quantity of cattle sold (kg live weight). Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.51 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.32 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. |
Technical inputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 412.1223784494416 | kg | — |
| Cattle, manufacturing beef, live weight, North Coast , biogenic C not balanced {AU-NSW}| coastal weaners | AusLCI, U | 10045.299 | kg | — |
Parameters
| Name | Value | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Copra | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg) |
| Molasses | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg) |
| BioC_CurrentAll_PrimeCattle | 306.56479159143925 | BioC_Products*All_PrimeCattle/100 | Due to the allocation approach this is how much biogenic CO2 is being directed to the prime cattle product. in kg C. This is likely not the correct amount. |
| Protein_Pellets | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets 20% CP fed (kg) |
| DM_Livecattle | 0.319 | — | Dry matter fraction of cattle |
| BiogenicCO2 | — | Soil_C_loss*3.667*HA_GRAZING*0 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.5 Uncertainty. Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq |
| All_Weaners_En | 58.5598370428983 | En_Weaners/Tot_En*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to Weaners based on energy content (%) |
| AF_Copra | — | — | Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on web search unspecifed sources. |
| ID_tag | 25.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g) |
| Evap_water_loss | 0.125 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML/ha/year). Dam density described by National Inventory Report Vol 1 (Australian Government 2024) with evaporation rate from Bureau of Metorology 1990-2020. |
| KG_CulledBreeders | 10045.299 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| ENT_CH4 | 11403.94 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Methane from enteric fermentation. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| ProductTotal | 28000.498 | KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight) |
| DM_Copra | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of copra |
| PUR_Bulls_WT | 880.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Liveweight (kg) of replacement bulls purchased each year. Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| PR_fert | 1.0 | — | Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate |
| DU_N2O | 45.653 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| Vaccine | 383.694 | (Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml). |
| Water | 1867306.714 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year) |
| All_PrimeCattle_En | 5.564733170102904 | En_PrimeCattle/Tot_En*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to PrimeCattle based on energy content (%) |
| ATMOS_N2O | 4.794 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| Cattle | 213.983 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of cattle (Adult Equivalents) carried for the year using herd structure from from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and farm gross margins (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| DM_Protein_Pellets | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of protein pellets |
| BioC_all_Corr_Primecattle | 37.66030500443924 | BioC_CurrentAll_PrimeCattle-BioC_Actual_Primecattle | This is the correction to the biogenic carbon required to balance the biogenic carbon for prime cattle in kg C. |
| Elec_use | 191.14696 | Elec*Cows | (1,1,1,1,1,na) 1.05 Uncertainty. Whole farm electricity use (kWh) |
| TotN_LeachGW | 1726.485 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| Evap_water_loss_T | 55.004875 | Evap_water_loss*HA_GRAZING | (1,1,1,1,1,na) 1.05 Uncertainty. Total evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML/year) |
| All_CulledBreeders_Mass | 35.875429786998794 | kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle (%) |
| Anthelmintics | 383.694 | (Cows*IntParasites_cows)+(Calves_weaned*IntParasites_weaners) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites |
| IntParasites_weaners | 2.0 | — | Number of internal parasite treatments for weaners (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| Cottonseed | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg) |
| NAAR_Cattle | 9.52016932 | producttotal*af_cattle/1000 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Change in soil acidity (H ion eq/t) from export of cattle product |
| AF_Cottonseed | — | — | Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| KM_Molasses | 400.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km) |
| Fuel_use | 64.54832 | Fuel*Cows | (1,1,1,1,1,na) 1.05 Uncertainty. Whole farm fuel use (L) |
| Pro_Weaners | 1311.76368 | KG_Weaners*PC_Lwt*EFF_P_Lwt | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total protein requirement to produce Weaners (kg) |
| Cows | 99.92 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and farm gross margins (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| P_fert | 10.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| CC_Cottonseed | 0.45 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.4 as DM, NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025) |
| DAM_CH4_HA | 1.674 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Methane emissions form farm dams (kg CH4 ha/yr), calcuted using the temperature based approach descibed by National Inventory Report Vol 1 (Australian Government 2024). Dam density described by National Inventory Report Vol 1 (Australian Government 2024). |
| DM_Cottonseed | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of cottonseed |
| BioC_all__corr_CulledBreeders | 412.1223784494416 | BioC_Actual_CulledBreeders-BioC_CurrentAll_CulledBreeders | This is the correction to the biogenic carbon required to balance the biogenic carbon for culled breeders in kg C. |
| P_Weaners | 4.145 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Restocker Yearlings (Heifers and Steers) ($/kg live weight sold) from MLA https://www.mla.com/prices-markets/statistics/ for 5 year period 2019 - 2024. |
| P_CulledBreeders | 2.76 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for National Processor Cow Indicator ($/kg live weight sold) from MLA https://www.mla.com/prices-markets/statistics/ for 5 year period 2019 - 2024. |
| EN_CulledBreeders | 31140426.900000002 | En_lwt*1000*KG_CulledBreeders | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total calorific value (kcal) of VulledBreeders. |
| BioC_Products | 4832.297944342001 | Producttotal*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | kg biogenic carbon in outputs of all products in the inventory before applying allocation |
| CC_livecattle | 0.541 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content 0.541 of animal as DM. (Average carbon content of 0.175 C/kg liveweight assuming dressing of 63%, carcase composition of 70% meat, 20% fat and 10% bone; dry matter content of 15% by-product (blood, rumen, heads and hooves), 25% meat, 85% fat and 74% bone; and carbon content of 53% by-product, 53% meat, 76% fat and 7.5% bone.) |
| KM_fuel | 300.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for fuel to farm (km) |
| KM_Hay | 100.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km) |
| All_PrimeCattle_Eco | 6.344078844525454 | (P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners)*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI (%) |
| EFF_P_Lwt | 0.4 | — | Efficiency of use of absorbed protein partitioned to liveweight. Mariz, L.D.S. 2018 J. Anim Sci 96: 670-683 doi: 10.1093/jas/sky018 |
| KM_fert | 200.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for fertiliser to farm (km) |
| All_PrimeCattle | 6.344078844525454 | iff(Allocation=1;All_PrimeCattle_Eco;iff(Allocation=2; All_PrimeCattle_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_PrimeCattle_Mass; All_Pro_PrimeCattle))) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to prime cattle. (%) |
| PUR_Bulls | 719.8399999999999 | PUR_Bulls_WT*PUR_Bulls_NO | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total liveweight of replacement bulls purchased each year (kg) |
| All_CulledBreeders_En | 35.875429786998794 | En_CulledBreeders/Tot_En*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to CulledBreeders based on energy content (%) |
| ID_tags | 2298.175 | Calves_weaned*ID_tag | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Weight of ID tags total (g) |
| PC_Lwt | 0.2 | — | Protein content of liveweight. Honig, A.C. et al. 2022 Meat Science 184 doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108685 |
| AF_Dry_mix | 0.012 | — | Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| KM_Protein_pellets | 600.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km) |
| MAN_CH4 | 698.189 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Methane from manure. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| EFN_Leach | 0.011 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O. |
| KG_PrimeCattle | 1558.153 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| Soil_C_loss | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Loss of Soil Orgnic Carbon t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer |
| DM_Hay | 0.88 | — | Dry matter fraction of hay |
| TotalTkmRoad | 2056.6744766399997 | (Dry_mix*KM_Lick+Wet_mix*KM_LICK+Hay*KM_Hay+Copra*KM_Copra+Molasses*KM_Molasses+Cottonseed*KM_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*KM_Protein_Pellets+Tot_P_fert*KM_fert+Fuel_use*0.84*KM_fuel)/1000 | (3,1,1,1,1,na) 2.1 Uncertainty. Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported by articulated trucks. |
| All_CulledBreeders_Eco | 27.135453940470743 | (KG_CulledBreeders*P_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners)*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle (%) - default for AusLCI |
| HA_GRAZING | 440.039 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region based on based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2017/18-2021/22 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2023) and Land Use of Australia (ABARES 2025). |
| All_Weaners_Mass | 58.5598370428983 | kg_Weaners/ProductTotal*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Mass allocation fraction for Weaner cattle (%) |
| Pro_Total | 2240.0398400000004 | Pro_CulledBreeders+Pro_PrimeCattle+Pro_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total protein requirment for all coproducts leaving the farm (kg) |
| P_PrimeCattle | 4.16 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Young Cattle Indicator (Eastern and Western) and National Feeder Steer ($/kg live weight sold) from MLA https://www.mla.com/prices-markets/statistics/ for 5 year period 2019 - 2024. |
| All_PrimeCattle_Mass | 5.564733170102904 | kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle (%) |
| Dry_mix | 2096.467 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg) |
| Pro_CulledBreeders | 803.6239200000001 | KG_CulledBreeders*PC_Lwt*EFF_P_Lwt | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total protein requirement to produce Culled Breeders (kg) |
| CC_Wet_mix | — | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix |
| LEACH_N2O | 29.844 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. Frac_WET estimated independently for each livestock region. |
| BioC_as_CH4_emissions | 9629.0657145 | (Ent_CH4+Man_CH4+Dam_Ch4)*12/16 | kg biogenic carbon emitted as methane from various sources. |
| BioC_Actual_CulledBreeders | 1733.6076561210004 | kg_Culledbreeders*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | The actual amount of biogenic carbon which should be allocated culled breeders in kg C. |
| DM_Wet_mix | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of wet season mix |
| DMI | 550914.991 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter intake. Calculated using GAFF Beef and Sheep based on National Inventory Report 2021. Volume 1. |
| AF_Protein_Pellets | — | — | Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| DeterminingProd | 16397.046 | KG_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Determining product will change with production system: = KG_Weaners when KG_Weaners > KG_PrimeCattle, otherwise KG_PrimeCattle. |
| KM_Copra | 600.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km) |
| KG_Weaners | 16397.046 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications ( New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| Oats_graz | 20.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats grazed (ha) |
| DAM_CH4 | 736.625286 | DAM_CH4_ha*HA_GRAZING | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total methane emissions form darm dams (kg) (excluding manure fraction which is counted elsewhere) |
| All_Weaners_Eco | 66.5204672150038 | (KG_Weaners*P_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners)*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI (%) |
| Tot_P_fert | 4400.389999999999 | P_fert*HA_Grazing*PR_fert | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate (kg) |
| AF_Hay | -0.7 | — | Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Slatery et al.). |
| NAAR_Inputs | -2.227046896 | (Dry_mix*AF_Dry_mix+Wet_mix*AF_Wet_mix+Hay*AF_Hay+Copra*AF_Copra+Molasses*AF_Molasses+Cottonseed*AF_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*AF_Protein_Pellets)/1000 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer) |
| Hay | 3217.435 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg) |
| KM_Lick | 400.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km) |
| BioC_Actual_Weaners | 2829.785801634 | kg_Weaners*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | The actual amount of biogenic carbon which should be allocated weaners in kg C. |
| TRANS_cattle | 79.18239999999999 | PUR_Bulls/1000*KM_Cattle | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 2 Uncertainty. Livestock transport for purchased cattle (t.km). |
| IntParasites_cows | 2.0 | — | Number of internal parasite treatments for cows (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| All_Pro_PrimeCattle | 5.564733170102903 | Pro_PrimeCattle/Pro_Total*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to Prime Cattle based on protein requirement (%) |
| BioC_all__corr_Weaners | -409.733179006872 | BioC_Actual_Weaners-BioC_CurrentAll_Weaners | This is the correction to the biogenic carbon required to balance the biogenic carbon for weaners in kg C. |
| BioC_Pasture_nett | 13204.597271482002 | BioC_Products+BioC_as_CH4_emissions-BioC_inputs | kg biogenic carbon added to cattle by pasture after accounting incoming feed, respiration, losses as methane and other losses from system. |
| DM_Molasses | 0.825 | — | Dry matter fraction of molasses |
| CC_Copra | 0.45 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.5 as DM |
| All_Weaners | 66.5204672150038 | iff(Allocation=1;All_Weaners_Eco;iff(Allocation=2; All_Weaners_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Weaners_Mass; All_Pro_Weaners))) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to weaners. (%) |
| Allocation | 1.0 | — | Allocation switch, 1 = Economic alocation (default for AusLCI), 2 = Energy allocation, 3 = Mass allocation, 4 = Protein Allocation. |
| Sorghum_graz | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum grazed (ha) |
| Vaccine_vol | 2.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml) |
| Pro_PrimeCattle | 124.65224 | KG_PrimeCattle*PC_Lwt*EFF_P_Lwt | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total protein requirement to produce PrimeCattle (kg) |
| AF_Cattle | 0.34 | — | Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.). |
| KM_Cattle | 110.0 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for purchased bulls (km). See Durr et al. 2010 at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287990558_GIS_mapping_of_cattle_market_service_areas_using_the_National_Livestock_Identification_System_NLIS_-_Final_report |
| BioC_Actual_Primecattle | 268.904486587 | kg_Primecattle*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | The actual amount of biogenic carbon which should be allocated Prime cattle in kg C. |
| BioC_CurrentAll_CulledBreeders | 1321.4852776715588 | (BioC_Products+BioC_all_Corr_Primecattle)*All_Culledbreeders/100 | Due to the allocation approach this is how much biogenic CO2 is being directed to the culled breeders product. in kg C. This is likely not the correct amount. |
| All_Pro_Weaners | 58.5598370428983 | Pro_Weaners/Pro_Total*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to Weaners based on protein requirement (%) |
| All_CulledBreeders | 27.135453940470743 | iff(Allocation=1;All_CulledBreeders_Eco;iff(Allocation=2; All_Culledbreeders_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Culledbreeders_Mass; All_Pro_Culledbreeders))) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to culled breeders. (%) |
| AF_Wet_mix | — | — | Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| KM_Cottonseed | 400.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km) |
| Tot_En | 86801543.8 | En_CulledBreeders+En_PrimeCattle+En_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total calorific value (kcal) of co-products. |
| Calves_weaned | 91.927 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of calves weaned using herd structure from from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and farm gross margins (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| EN_PrimeCattle | 4830274.3 | EN_lwt*1000*KG_PrimeCattle | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total calorific value (kcal) of PrimeCattle. |
| EN_lwt | 3.1 | — | Calorific value (kcal/g) of live cattle at 54% dressing %. Sharma et al. 1972 and Navaja et al. 2010. |
| CC_Molasses | 0.347 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.42 as DM |
| DM_Dry_mix | 0.9 | — | Dry matter fraction of dry season mix |
| PUR_Bulls_NO | 0.818 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of replacement bulls purchased per year. Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011) and Gross Margin publications (New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2023; Ag Excellence Alliance 2024). |
| CC_Hay | 0.4 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.4 as DM, NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025) |
| Elec | 1.913 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/Cow mated) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES for 2018-2022 (https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/data/farm-data-portal). |
| AF_Molasses | — | — | Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009). |
| CC_Protein_Pellets | 0.405 | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content of 0.5 as DM |
| Wet_mix | — | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg) |
| BioC_inputs | 1256.76638736 | Hay*DM_hay*CC_Hay+Copra*DM_Copra*CC_Copra+Molasses*DM_Molasses*CC_Molasses+Cottonseed*DM_Cottonseed*CC_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*DM_Protein_Pellets*CC_Protein_Pellets+PUR_Bulls*DM_Livecattle*CC_Livecattle | kg biogenic carbon inputs from feeds |
| EN_Weaners | 50830842.599999994 | EN_lwt*1000*KG_Weaners | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Total calorific value (kcal) of Weaners. |
| CC_Dry_mix | — | — | (2,3,1,1,1,na) Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix |
| N_LeachGW | 1707.493665 | TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach) | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.4 Uncertainty. N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg). |
| All_Pro_CulledBreeders | 35.87542978699879 | Pro_CulledBreeders/Pro_Total*100 | (2,1,1,1,1,na) 1.07 Uncertainty. Allocation to Culled Breeders based on protein requirement (%) |
| BioC_CurrentAll_Weaners | 3239.518980640872 | (BioC_Products+BioC_all_Corr_Primecattle)*All_Weaners/100 | Due to the allocation approach this is how much biogenic CO2 is being directed to the weaner product. in kg C. This is likely not the correct amount. |
| Fuel | 0.646 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/Cow mated) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES for 2018-2022 (https://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/data/farm-data-portal). |