Cattle production, Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, WA, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle herd in the Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, WA including pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm The system boundary ends at the field gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - weaners, prime cattle and culled cattle. The direct emissions on the field are also included. Excluded processes: Indirect land use change is not included by default however the details of land use change in Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, WA is included in parameters of the inventory. Remark: This process is an unallocated coproducing process for cattle production in Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, WA and should not be used directly in an LCA. For specific products use the allocated inventory processes for specific products. This inventory has been developed as with support from Australian Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grants for the project ?AusAgLCI - enabling continual improvement of sustainability by life cycle impact assessment (INNOV-033)? which is was undertaken by CSIRO Agriculture and Life Cycle Strategies from 2014-2016. Technology: Average Time period: 2010/11 to 2014/15 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU

Sector: Material
Contributor: —
Last updated: 27 Apr 2019
Reference ID: a7c4ea6b-b477-3e02-a632-9ea30ce3604c

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Documentation

Quantitative reference: Cattle production, Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, WA, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure: Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Creation date: 27 Apr 2019
Is copyright protected: No
Is infrastructure process: No
Tags: material
Sources: Land Use of Australia, 2010-11
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2014-15
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment
Farm budgets and costs: Livestock gross margin budgets
Farm Business Planning Tools
Livestock Farm Monitor Project Results 2013/14
National Inventory Report 2013 Volume 1
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00
Rural Solutions SA PIRSA (2015) Farm Gross Margin 2015
Slattery, W, Ridley, A, Windsor, S Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products.
Updated FarmGAS Tools and Support Material

Product outputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle production, Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, WA, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	1.0	kg	Unallocation inventory for production of a range of cattle in this region as described in the comment field

Technical inputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle, internal parasite control {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.009374790749373512	Item(s)	Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
Chemical, organic {GLO}\| market for chemical, organic \| Cut-off, U	0.012250430615822353	g	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total cottonseed for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total copra for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total protein pellets for herd.
Diesel {RoW}\| market for diesel \| Cut-off, U	0.068526	kg	Fuel use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Dry season mix, 30% urea, 5.5% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.010831927331687037	kg	Total dry season lick for herd.
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NSW}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NT}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-QLD}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-SA}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-VIC}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-WA-SWIS}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0017830049704164494	ha	Application of fertiliser to pasture
Forage sorghum, irrigated, Darling Downs QLD {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage sorghum grazed by herd.
Molasses, C-grade, at mill gate, {AU-QLD}\| sugarcane milling \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total molasses for herd.
Native Pasture hay, Northern Australia {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	2.1447216323593614	kg	Total hay for herd.
Oat grain, dryland, South West, WA, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage oats grazed for herd.
Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}\| market for polyurethane, flexible foam \| Cut-off, U	0.07189099666122101	g	Total weight of ID tags.
Single superphosphate {AU}\| market for single superphosphate \| AusLCI, U	0.20326256662747524	kg	Single superphosphate for pasture improvement
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.21447216323593615	t*km	Total transport of inputs to region. All assumed to be by articulated truck
Wet season mix, 0% N 21% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wet season mix, 20% GranAm, 40% Kynofos, 40% Salt, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wheat grain, dryland, South West, WA, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wheat for herd.

Elementary flow inputs

Flow	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Carbon dioxide, in air	in air	-2.9769250607937305	kg	Net atmospheric CO2 absorbed by production system (if positive) or released (if negative) based on
Occupation, grassland, natural, for livestock grazing	—	0.008915024852082247	ha*a	Intersection of livestock region (based on SA2 units) and 2010 Land Use Map (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences 2016) for natural and sown pastures
Water, unspecified natural origin, Moore Hill rivers, WA, AU	—	5.545219232951157	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Moore Hill rivers, WA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Moore Hill rivers, WA, AU	—	0.0000664848345975381	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Moore Hill rivers, WA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, SW Coast other than Esp., Avon, ..., WA, AU	—	0.0004309027523513243	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in SW Coast other than Esp., Avon, ..., WA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, SW Coast other than Esp., Avon, ..., WA, AU	—	35.93977851241632	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in SW Coast other than Esp., Avon, ..., WA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Swan Coast, WA, AU	—	7.788880906808038	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Swan Coast, WA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Swan Coast, WA, AU	—	0.00009338538965455113	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Swan Coast, WA, AU catchment.

Elementary flow outputs

Flow	Compartment	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Ammonia	Emission to air	unspecified	0.16384253069563104	kg	NH3 emission
Area grazed	Non material emissions	—	0.008915024852082247	ha	—
Copra feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Cottonseed feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Culled breeders	Non material emissions	—	0.213682782423878	kg	—
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.001995590158016272	kg	Dung and Urine N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.00011225238164219855	kg	N2O leaching and runoff
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0008481260412479724	kg	N2O atmospheric deposition
Direct electricity	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kWh	—
Dry lick	Non material emissions	—	0.010831927331687037	kg	—
Dung & Urine N2O	Non material emissions	—	0.001995590158016272	kg	—
Enteric methane	Non material emissions	—	0.3309825572450074	kg	—
Evaporative water loss	Non material emissions	—	0.5907729766034135	m3	—
Hay feed	Non material emissions	—	2.1447216323593614	kg	—
Indirect N2O atm dep	Non material emissions	—	0.0008481260412479724	kg	—
Indirect N2O leaching	Non material emissions	—	0.00011225238164219855	kg	—
Livestock numbers	Non material emissions	—	645748.0	Item(s)	—
Manure methane	Non material emissions	—	0.00007305115115795788	kg	—
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.00007305115115795788	kg	Manure Methane
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.3309825572450074	kg	Enteric Methane
Molasses feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Nitrogen	Emission to water	ground water	0.009452974671089492	kg	N leached from Dung and Urine
Oats feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
P fertiliser	Non material emissions	—	0.20326256662747524	kg	—
Prime cattle	Non material emissions	—	0.29892295793888324	kg	—
Protein pellets feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Quantity of livestock	Non material emissions	—	145030330.42000002	kg	—
Silage feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Sorghum feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Transportation to farm	Non material emissions	—	0.21447216323593615	t*km	—
Water intake of livestock	Non material emissions	—	0.049273878652175515	m3	—
Weaners	Non material emissions	—	0.48739425963723865	kg	—
Wet lick	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Wheat feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
hydrogen ions	Emissions to soil	—	-0.001161175159523573	kg	Net change in H ions due to imports (feriliser, feeds) to and exports (cattle) from the farm

Parameters

Name	Value	Formula	Description
KM_Hay	100.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km)
Hay	311049687.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg)
Protein_Pellets	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets fed (kg)
C_added	-117748479.60068001	C_cattle-C_imported	Net carbon added by this process, from pasture into cattle less carbon output from cattle via respiration and manure. Assumes soil carbon is stable thorugh the process.
Elec	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/kg LW cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
All_PrimeCattle	0.33976107171873327	All_PrimeCattle_EcoEconomicAll+All_PrimeCattle_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled breeding cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
Cottonseed	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg)
KM_Wheat	—	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for wheat (km)
TotN_LeachGW	1381328.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_Weaners_Eco	0.5539808556215486	(KG_WeanersP_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI
Vaccine_vol	2.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml)
CC_Cottonseed	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.50 of cottonseed as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
All_PrimeCattle_Mass	0.29892295793888324	kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle
All_Weaners	0.5539808556215486	All_Weaners_EcoEconomicAll+All_Weaners_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
P_fert	114.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
DU_N2O	289421.1	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_CulledBreeders_Mass	0.213682782423878	kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
NAAR_Cattle	49310.3123428	producttotal*af_cattle/1000	Change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from export of cattle product
Sorghum_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum planed and grazed (ha)
BiogenicCO2	—	SOC_change3.667HA_GRAZING*0	Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq
Ent_CH4	48002509.640499994	DMI*EF_Ent	enteric methane (kg) based on DMI and emission factor. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
ID_tag	25.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g)
All_PrimeCattle_Eco	0.33976107171873327	(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI
N_LeachGW	1370968.04	TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach)	N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg).
CC_Oats_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.40 of oats as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
CC_Wheat	0.36	—	Carbon content 0.40 of wheat as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
AF_Protein_Pellets	—	—	Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Evap_water_loss	85680.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML). Potential evaporation from long-term annual Australian 5 km potential evaporation surface (Penman, 1981-2010; Donohue et al, 2013). Dam surface area from regional-scale surface hydrology polygons, Geoscience Australia (Crossman and Li 2015).
CC_Hay	0.4	—	Carbon content 0.44 of hay as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
SOC_change	—	—	Change in SOC t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer
CC_Copra	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.5 of copra as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
NAAR_Inputs	-217715.929404	(Dry_mixAF_Dry_mix+Wet_mixAF_Wet_mix+HayAF_Hay+CopraAF_Copra+MolassesAF_Molasses+CottonseedAF_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsAF_Protein_Pellets+WheatAF_Wheat)/1000	Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer)
AF_Wheat	—	—	Acid factor for wheat (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
All_Culledbreeders	0.10625807265971819	All_CulledBreeders_EcoEconomicAll+All_CulledBreeders_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
Elec_use	—	Elec*ProductTotal	Electricity used
Oats_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats planted and grazed (ha)
Copra	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg)
CC_Dry_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Cattle	645748.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of livestock carried for the year using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
C_imported	124419874.80000001	Dry_mixCC_Dry_mix+Wet_mixCC_Wet_mix+HayCC_Hay+CopraCC_Copra+MolassesCC_Molasses+CottonseedCC_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsCC_Protein_Pellets+WheatCC_Wheat	kg of biogenic carbon in imported feed
KM_Copra	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km)
EconomicAll	1.0	—	By default this is set to 1 for economic allocation of different cattle classes. For mass allocation set to 0.
F_SW_Coast_other_than_Esp_Avon_WA	0.729388055	—	Fraction of SW Coast other than Esp., Avon, ..., WA, AU catchment in livestock region.
DMI	2232674867.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter Intake. (Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
F_Swan_Coast_WA	0.158073225	—	Fraction of Swan Coast, WA, AU catchment in livestock region.
F_Moore_Hill_rivers_WA	0.11253872	—	Fraction of Moore Hill rivers, WA, AU catchment in livestock region.
Water	7146206902.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year)
Anthelmintics	1359629.0	Cows*2+Calves_weaned	Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites
EF_Ent	0.0215	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Enteric Methane emission factor in kg methane per kg of DMI. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
HA_GRAZING	1292949.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region (based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Fuel_use	11747456.764020002	Fuel*ProductTotal	Fuel used
AF_Copra	—	—	Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_Molasses	0.347	—	Carbon content 0.42 of molasses as delivered assuming moisture content of 17.5%
All_CulledBreeders_Eco	0.10625807265971819	(KG_CulledBreedersP_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle - default for AusLCI
Molasses	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg)
Dry_mix	1570958.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg)
AF_Cattle	0.34	—	Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.).
KM_Protein_pellets	600.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km)
LEACH_N2O	16280.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
KM_Lick	—	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km)
Calves_weaned	417055.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number calves weaned using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
EFN_Leach	0.0075	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O.
AF_Hay	-0.7	—	Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_cattle	0.046	—	Carbon content 0.152 of cattle as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
KM_Cottonseed	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km)
Wet_mix	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg)
P_PrimeCattle	1.73	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Prime cattle ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
ATMOS_N2O	123004.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Wet_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
PR_fert	0.2	—	Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate
Vaccine	1776684.0	(Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml).
KG_Weaners	70686950.52	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
ID_tags	10426375.0	Calves_weaned*ID_tag	Weight of ID tags total (g)
CC_Sorghum_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.44 of forage sorghum as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
CC_Silage	0.2	—	Carbon content 0.44 of silage as delivered assuming moisture content of 55%
Tot_P_fert	29479237.200000003	P_fertHA_GrazingPR_fert	Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate
TotalTkmRoad	31104968.7	(Dry_mixKM_Lick+Wet_mixKM_LICK+HayKM_Hay+CopraKM_Copra+MolassesKM_Molasses+CottonseedKM_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsKM_Protein_Pellets+WheatKM_Wheat)/1000	Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported for articulated trucks.
C_cattle	6671395.199320001	CC_cattle*ProductTotal	kg of biogenic carbon in cattle leaving the system as products
KM_Molasses	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km)
CC_Protein_Pellets	0.405	—	Carbon content 0.50 of protein_pellets as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Cows	471287.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Fuel	0.081	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/kg LW of cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Wheat	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wheat fed (kg)
P_CulledBreeders	0.756875	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Culled breeders ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
AF_Molasses	—	—	Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Lime_purity	0.9	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
All_Weaners_Mass	0.48739425963723865	kg_Weaners/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
AF_Wet_mix	—	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
ProductTotal	145030330.42000002	KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners	Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight)
AF_Cottonseed	—	—	Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Silage	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total weight of silage grown and fed (kg)
P_Weaners	1.73	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Weaners ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
AF_Dry_mix	0.012	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
MAN_CH4	10594.63259	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Manure methane. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
KG_CulledBreeders	30990484.54	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
KG_PrimeCattle	43352895.36	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).