Barley straw, dryland, Lower SW {AU-WA}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U
Unit process v00.00.000
This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of barley. The yield is 1862 t/ha. Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. (Hume, I., Renouf, M.A., Eady, S.J., Grant, T., 2025). It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government’s Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production Volume: 2940 t/yr. Activities included: This activity starts after the harvest of the previous crop. Activities included are: the inputs of seeds, mineral fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation water, all machine operations and corresponding machine infrastructure and sheds. It is assumed that no organic fertilisers are applied. Machine operations are: soil cultivation, sowing, fertilisation, irrigation, weed control, pest and pathogen control, combine-harvest, and drying of grains. Direct field emissions are included. This activity ends after harvest and drying of grains at the farm gate. Energy values: 18.4MJ/kg (gross). Nutritional values: Protein: 12%. Carbohydrate: 61%. Fat: 2%. Geography: Lower South West, WA, AU. Technology level: Represents current practices as per gross margins reports (AgMargins 2024 & SA Gross Margin Guide 2022). Time period: 2017-2021. Record: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU
- Sector
- Material
- Contributor
- —
- Last updated
- 30 May 2025
- Reference ID
b48aeb90-3028-336e-a3bc-86cc91432305
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Documentation
- Quantitative reference
- Barley straw, dryland, Lower SW {AU-WA}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U
- Sampling procedure
- Secondray data compiled from publicly available resources. Validated by expert knowledge to represent typical representative practices and inputs.
- Creation date
- 30 May 2025
- Is copyright protected
- No
- Is infrastructure process
- No
- Tags
- material
- Sources
- —
Product outputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barley straw, dryland, Lower SW {AU-WA}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U | 253.9798008 | kg | Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.4 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.91 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. Heating value, gross: 18.2 MJ/kg |
Technical inputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barley straw, dryland, Lower SW , biogenic C not balanced {AU-WA}| barley grain production | AusLCI, U | 253.9798008 | kg | — |
| Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 84.93084538752 | kg | Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the plant. Calculated. |
Parameters
| Name | Value | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Straw_DM | 223.50222470399999 | m_straw*DM_residue | kg DM of straw - |
| Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain | 2635.043632233932 | (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw)*All_Grain/100 | [kg CO2] biogenic carbon exported in barley - |
| Carbon_burning | — | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*Fburnt*CC_residue*Burn_efficiency*EFburn_CO2*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue burnt - |
| CC_residue | 0.4 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for barley straw - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_straw | 16.39016314496 | (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw+Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain)*All_straw/100 | [kg CO2] biogenic carbon exported in barley straw - |
| OTHERDATA | 1.0 | — | OTHER DATA - - |
| Allocation | 1.0 | — | Allocation switch, 1 = Economic alocation (default for AusLCI), 2 = Energy allocation, 3 = Mass allocation, - |
| Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain | -311.41309975424 | (Carbon_Grain-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain)/(All_Grain/100) | [kg CO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determning product (barley) - |
| All_Straw_Eco | 0.6997764455085786 | (m_straw*P_straw)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_Crop)*100 | Economic allocation fraction for straw |
| All_Mass | 87.6469076680198 | (grain_DM/(straw_DM+grain_DM))*100 | Mass allocation fraction for the primary crop |
| Burn_efficiency | 0.96 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default burning efficiency for residue from crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg | 3.576035595264003 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*(1-Burn_efficiency)*Fburnt*CC_residue*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon emission from fraction of carbon not burnt in the burn kg CO2 - |
| P_Straw | 20.0 | — | (4,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - |
| m_grain | 1802.022 | yield-Seed_input | kg Grain - wet mass - |
| Carbon_deg_before_burn | 89.4008898816 | Yield*Res_crop*Fburnt*(1-Fresremaining)*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue set to be burnt by degraded before burn - |
| Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_straw | 311.41309975423997 | (Carbon_Straw-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_straw) | [kg CO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determning product (barley) straw - |
| Fremoved | 0.11 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of the crop removed in the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Fresremaining | 0.5 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction remaining at the time of burning for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EFburn_CO2 | — | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO2 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon_Absorb_Residue | 2980.02966272 | (Yield*Res_crop*DM_residue*CC_residue)*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in residue production - |
| EFburn_CO | 0.078 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Res_crop | 1.24 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kg crop residue/kg crop]] Residue/crop ratio for barley - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| NCag_residue | 0.007 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of above-ground barley crop residue - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon_Residue_remaining | 2473.4246200576 | Yield*Res_crop*((1-Fburnt-Fremoved))*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue remaining - |
| Carbon_balance | 78.78721623485669 | Carbon_Absorb_Crop+Carbon_Absorb_Residue-Carbon_burning-Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg-Carbon_deg_before_burn-Carbon_Residue_remaining-Carbon_Grain-Carbon_Straw-Carbon_monoxide_in_burn-Methane_in_burn | Balance check of all biogenic carbons. - |
| All_Straw | 0.6997764455085786 | iff(Allocation=2; All_straw_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_straw_Mass;All_straw_Eco)) | Allocation to straw - |
| P_Crop | 400.0 | — | (1,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - CSIRO, 2025 |
| Carbon_Absorb_Crop | 2325.809728 | (((Yield-seed_input)*DM_crop*CC_crop))*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in grain net grain production (excluding seed input) kg - |
| All_En | 88.2989958273152 | (grain_DM*ED_Crop)/(straw_DM*ed_Straw+grain_DM*ED_Crop)*100 | Allocation fraction for the primary crop based on energy content |
| Carbon_Straw | 327.8032628992 | Straw_DM*CC_residue*44/12 | [kg CO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by straw CO2 - |
| EFburn_CH4 | 0.004 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CH4 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| ED_Crop | 18.4 | — | (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] Energy density of barley crop - Feedipedia |
| All_Eco | 99.30022355449142 | (m_grain*P_Crop)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_Crop)*100 | Economic allocation fraction for the primary crop |
| Carbon_monoxide_in_burn | 6.6943386343342075 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CO*44/12 | [kg CO2] Carbon monoxide as CO2 for balance purposes - |
| DM_crop | 0.88 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg crop] Dry matter content of barley crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Methane_in_burn | 0.343299417145344 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CH4*44/12 | [kg CO2] Methane as CO2 for balance purposes - |
| NCbg_residue | 0.01 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of below-ground barley crop residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| All_Straw_En | 11.701004172684808 | (straw_DM*ed_straw)/(ed_Straw*straw_DM+grain_DM*ED_Crop)*100 | Allocation fraction for straw based on energy content |
| Grain_DM | 1585.77936 | m_grain*DM_Crop | kg DM of grain - |
| Carbon_Grain | 2325.809728 | Grain_DM*CC_crop*44/12 | [kg CO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by grain CO2 - |
| m_straw | 253.9798008 | yield*Res_crop*fremoved | kg Straw - wet mass - |
| All_Straw_Mass | 12.353092331980218 | (straw_DM)/(straw_DM+grain_DM)*100 | Mass allocation fraction for straw |
| DM_residue | 0.88 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg residue] Dry matter content of barley residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Lime_purity | 0.9 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025). |
| All_Grain | 99.30022355449142 | iff(Allocation=2; All_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Mass;All_Eco)) | Allocation to wheat - |
| CC_crop | 0.4 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for barley crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Seed_input | 60.0 | — | (3,3,2,3,2,na) - [kg/ha] of seed - |
| Yield | 1862.022 | — | (1,2,1,1,1,na) -[kg/ha] yield, calculated from five year average ('18 - '22) - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017-2022 |
| Fburnt | 0.06 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of residues burnt for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| ED_Straw | 17.3 | — | (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] energy density of barley straw - Feedipedia |