Cattle production, stores, North Coast Weaners improved, NSW, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle herd in the NSW North Coast Weaners improved including pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm The system boundary ends at the field gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - weaners, prime cattle and culled cattle. The direct emissions on the field are also included. Excluded processes: Indirect land use change is not included by default however the details of land use change in NSW North Coast Weaners improved is included in parameters of the inventory. Remark: This process is an unallocated coproducing process for cattle production in NSW North Coast Weaners improved and should not be used directly in an LCA. For specific products use the allocated inventory processes for specific products. This inventory has been developed as with support from Australian Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grants for the project ?AusAgLCI - enabling continual improvement of sustainability by life cycle impact assessment (INNOV-033)? which is was undertaken by CSIRO Agriculture and Life Cycle Strategies from 2014-2016. Technology: Average Time period: 2010/11 to 2014/15 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU

Sector: Material
Contributor: —
Last updated: 27 Apr 2019
Reference ID: b9779e51-7b3e-3b1f-a0b9-1d5b4ef05f1d

Download this dataset Ask a question about this dataset

Downloads require a free account. You'll be asked to register or sign in.

Documentation

Quantitative reference: Cattle production, stores, North Coast Weaners improved, NSW, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure: Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Creation date: 27 Apr 2019
Is copyright protected: No
Is infrastructure process: No
Tags: material
Sources: Land Use of Australia, 2010-11
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2014-15
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment
Farm budgets and costs: Livestock gross margin budgets
Farm Business Planning Tools
Livestock Farm Monitor Project Results 2013/14
National Inventory Report 2013 Volume 1
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00
Rural Solutions SA PIRSA (2015) Farm Gross Margin 2015
Slattery, W, Ridley, A, Windsor, S Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products.
Updated FarmGAS Tools and Support Material

Product outputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle production, stores, North Coast Weaners improved, NSW, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	1.0	kg	Unallocation inventory for production of a range of cattle in this region as described in the comment field

Technical inputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle, internal parasite control {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.016229046576912824	Item(s)	Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
Chemical, organic {GLO}\| market for chemical, organic \| Cut-off, U	0.016229046576912824	g	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total cottonseed for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total copra for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total protein pellets for herd.
Diesel {RoW}\| market for diesel \| Cut-off, U	0.068526	kg	Fuel use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Dry season mix, 30% urea, 5.5% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total dry season lick for herd.
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NSW}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.047	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NT}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-QLD}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-SA}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-VIC}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-WA-SWIS}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0020410976478867737	ha	Application of fertiliser to pasture
Forage sorghum, irrigated, Darling Downs QLD {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage sorghum grazed by herd.
Molasses, C-grade, at mill gate, {AU-QLD}\| sugarcane milling \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total molasses for herd.
Native Pasture hay, Northern Australia {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total hay for herd.
Oat grain, dryland, Northern Rivers and Mid-north Coast, NSW, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage oats grazed for herd.
Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}\| market for polyurethane, flexible foam \| Cut-off, U	0.08725830473671181	g	Total weight of ID tags.
Single superphosphate {AU}\| market for single superphosphate \| AusLCI, U	0.23268513185909223	kg	Single superphosphate for pasture improvement
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	t*km	Total transport of inputs to region. All assumed to be by articulated truck
Wet season mix, 0% N 21% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wet season mix, 20% GranAm, 40% Kynofos, 40% Salt, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wheat grain, dryland, Northern Rivers and Mid-north Coast, NSW_Qld, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wheat for herd.

Elementary flow inputs

Flow	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Carbon dioxide, in air	in air	0.16866666666666666	kg	Net atmospheric CO2 absorbed by production system (if positive) or released (if negative) based on
Occupation, grassland, natural, for livestock grazing	—	0.010205488239433869	ha*a	Intersection of livestock region (based on SA2 units) and 2010 Land Use Map (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences 2016) for natural and sown pastures
Water, unspecified natural origin, NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU	—	0.00000017728365111252117	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU	—	0.010549776080737499	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU	—	0.000986903466847324	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU	—	58.72854334399174	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.

Elementary flow outputs

Flow	Compartment	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Ammonia	Emission to air	unspecified	0.13872347890827247	kg	NH3 emission
Area grazed	Non material emissions	—	0.010205488239433869	ha	—
Copra feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Cottonseed feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Culled breeders	Non material emissions	—	0.3698677383803122	kg	—
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0016896260226828953	kg	Dung and Urine N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0007180980084663516	kg	N2O atmospheric deposition
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0009313953848100187	kg	N2O leaching and runoff
Direct electricity	Non material emissions	—	0.047	kWh	—
Dry lick	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Dung & Urine N2O	Non material emissions	—	0.0016896260226828953	kg	—
Enteric methane	Non material emissions	—	0.41973845277765953	kg	—
Evaporative water loss	Non material emissions	—	0.9870807504984365	m3	—
Hay feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Indirect N2O atm dep	Non material emissions	—	0.0007180980084663516	kg	—
Indirect N2O leaching	Non material emissions	—	0.0009313953848100187	kg	—
Livestock numbers	Non material emissions	—	195675.0	Item(s)	—
Manure methane	Non material emissions	—	0.0001157024142302739	kg	—
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.41973845277765953	kg	Enteric Methane
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0001157024142302739	kg	Manure Methane
Molasses feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Nitrogen	Emission to water	ground water	0.07843574905131723	kg	N leached from Dung and Urine
Oats feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
P fertiliser	Non material emissions	—	0.23268513185909223	kg	—
Prime cattle	Non material emissions	—	0.03382253199147679	kg	—
Protein pellets feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Quantity of livestock	Non material emissions	—	31660023.746	kg	—
Silage feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Sorghum feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Transportation to farm	Non material emissions	—	0.0	t*km	—
Water intake of livestock	Non material emissions	—	0.058739093120072486	m3	—
Weaners	Non material emissions	—	0.5963097296282109	kg	—
Wet lick	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Wheat feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
hydrogen ions	Emissions to soil	—	0.00033999999999999997	kg	Net change in H ions due to imports (feriliser, feeds) to and exports (cattle) from the farm

Parameters

Name	Value	Formula	Description
Anthelmintics	513812.0	Cows2+Calves_weaned2	Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites
F_NE_Coast_other_than_Burd_Fitz_QLD	0.000179604	—	Fraction of NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
AF_Wheat	—	—	Acid factor for wheat (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_Wheat	0.36	—	Carbon content 0.40 of wheat as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
TotalTkmRoad	—	(Dry_mixKM_Lick+Wet_mixKM_LICK+HayKM_Hay+CopraKM_Copra+MolassesKM_Molasses+CottonseedKM_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsKM_Protein_Pellets+WheatKM_Wheat)/1000	Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported for articulated trucks.
NAAR_Inputs	—	(Dry_mixAF_Dry_mix+Wet_mixAF_Wet_mix+HayAF_Hay+CopraAF_Copra+MolassesAF_Molasses+CottonseedAF_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsAF_Protein_Pellets+WheatAF_Wheat)/1000	Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer)
DMI	618089738.7	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter Intake. (Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Sorghum_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum planed and grazed (ha)
KM_Protein_pellets	600.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km)
AF_Hay	-0.7	—	Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
ID_tags	2762600.0	Calves_weaned*ID_tag	Weight of ID tags total (g)
Vaccine_vol	2.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml)
AF_Cattle	0.34	—	Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.).
KM_Hay	100.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km)
F_South_East_Coast_NSW_VIC_and_SA	0.999820396	—	Fraction of South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
KM_Copra	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km)
CC_cattle	0.046	—	Carbon content 0.152 of cattle as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
CC_Wet_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
BiogenicCO2	—	SOC_change3.667HA_GRAZING*0	Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq
Elec_use	1488021.116062	Elec*ProductTotal	Electricity used
KG_CulledBreeders	11710021.38	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
P_Weaners	1.73	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Weaners ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Cottonseed	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg)
P_CulledBreeders	0.756875	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Culled breeders ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Silage	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total weight of silage grown and fed (kg)
Wet_mix	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg)
C_imported	—	Dry_mixCC_Dry_mix+Wet_mixCC_Wet_mix+HayCC_Hay+CopraCC_Copra+MolassesCC_Molasses+CottonseedCC_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsCC_Protein_Pellets+WheatCC_Wheat	kg of biogenic carbon in imported feed
CC_Sorghum_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.44 of forage sorghum as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
NAAR_Cattle	10764.40807364	producttotal*af_cattle/1000	Change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from export of cattle product
MAN_CH4	3663.141182	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Manure methane. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Hay	0.4	—	Carbon content 0.44 of hay as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
All_Weaners_Mass	0.5963097296282109	kg_Weaners/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
All_Weaners	0.752964434048212	All_Weaners_EcoEconomicAll+All_Weaners_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
CC_Molasses	0.347	—	Carbon content 0.42 of molasses as delivered assuming moisture content of 17.5%
LEACH_N2O	29488.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
EFN_Leach	0.0075	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O.
Oats_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats planted and grazed (ha)
N_LeachGW	2483277.6775	TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach)	N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg).
KG_PrimeCattle	1070822.166	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Evap_water_loss	31251.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML). Potential evaporation from long-term annual Australian 5 km potential evaporation surface (Penman, 1981-2010; Donohue et al, 2013). Dam surface area from regional-scale surface hydrology polygons, Geoscience Australia (Crossman and Li 2015).
EconomicAll	1.0	—	By default this is set to 1 for economic allocation of different cattle classes. For mass allocation set to 0.
KM_Molasses	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km)
Lime_purity	0.9	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
CC_Protein_Pellets	0.405	—	Carbon content 0.50 of protein_pellets as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Fuel_use	2564461.923426	Fuel*ProductTotal	Fuel used
Tot_P_fert	7366816.800000001	P_fertHA_GrazingPR_fert	Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate
Fuel	0.081	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/kg LW of cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
AF_Protein_Pellets	—	—	Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Elec	0.047	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/kg LW cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
KG_Weaners	18879180.2	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_PrimeCattle	0.042707945877251095	All_PrimeCattle_EcoEconomicAll+All_PrimeCattle_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled breeding cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
Molasses	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg)
C_cattle	1456361.092316	CC_cattle*ProductTotal	kg of biogenic carbon in cattle leaving the system as products
P_PrimeCattle	1.73	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Prime cattle ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
CC_Silage	0.2	—	Carbon content 0.44 of silage as delivered assuming moisture content of 55%
ID_tag	25.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g)
KM_Cottonseed	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km)
Wheat	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wheat fed (kg)
EF_Ent	0.0215	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Enteric Methane emission factor in kg methane per kg of DMI. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
HA_GRAZING	323106.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region (based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_CulledBreeders_Eco	0.20432762007453698	(KG_CulledBreedersP_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle - default for AusLCI
CC_Oats_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.40 of oats as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
All_Weaners_Eco	0.752964434048212	(KG_WeanersP_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI
All_PrimeCattle_Mass	0.03382253199147679	kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle
AF_Dry_mix	0.012	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
P_fert	114.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Dry_mix	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg)
DU_N2O	53493.6	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
KM_Wheat	—	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for wheat (km)
SOC_change	—	—	Change in SOC t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer
Copra	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg)
All_CulledBreeders_Mass	0.3698677383803122	kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
AF_Molasses	—	—	Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
All_Culledbreeders	0.20432762007453698	All_CulledBreeders_EcoEconomicAll+All_CulledBreeders_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
All_PrimeCattle_Eco	0.042707945877251095	(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI
Water	1859681083.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year)
CC_Copra	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.5 of copra as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
CC_Cottonseed	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.50 of cottonseed as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
ProductTotal	31660023.746	KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners	Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight)
Cows	146402.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Cattle	195675.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of livestock carried for the year using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
PR_fert	0.2	—	Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate
KM_Lick	—	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km)
Vaccine	513812.0	(Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml).
Calves_weaned	110504.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number calves weaned using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
AF_Cottonseed	—	—	Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Hay	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg)
Protein_Pellets	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets fed (kg)
AF_Wet_mix	—	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
C_added	1456361.092316	C_cattle-C_imported	Net carbon added by this process, from pasture into cattle less carbon output from cattle via respiration and manure. Assumes soil carbon is stable thorugh the process.
AF_Copra	—	—	Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
TotN_LeachGW	2502043.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Ent_CH4	13288929.38205	DMI*EF_Ent	enteric methane (kg) based on DMI and emission factor. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
ATMOS_N2O	22735.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Dry_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%