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Cereal hay and silage, dryland, Western Downs and NW Slopes and Plains, NSW_Qld, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory includes the processes for growing cereal hay and silage without irrigation on arable land in the agro-ecological region AER 15, Western Downs and North West Slopes and Plains, in New South Wales and QueenslandInputs of fertilisers, pesticides as well as the transports to the farm are considered. All tractor operations, fuel supply and machine infrastructure is included. The direct emissions on the field are also included. The system boundary ends at the field gate with all further processes such as transport, storage, packaging are excluded. Inventory refers to the production of a crop on 1 ha over 1 year from the end of the previous crop to the point of harvesting of the next crop. Remark: This inventory has been developed with support from the Australian Commonwealth Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grant and the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). The inventory was developed by CSIRO, the Department of Primary Industries NSW and Lifecycles. More detail on inventory development can be found in the Methodology for Developing Life Cycle Inventory' documents located at http://auslci.com.au/index.php/AusAgLCI. ; Geography: Refers to an average production in the agro-ecological region AER 15, Western Downs and North West Slopes and Plains, in New South Wales and Queensland, AustraliaTechnology: AverageTime period: Data collected for 2011-2016. Record: Data entry by: Bharat Sharma; Tel: +61(0)3 8669 2048; email: brett@lifecycles.com.au; company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Data entry by: Aaron Simmons Tel: ; email: aaron.simmons@dpi.nsw.gov.au; company: NSW Department of Primary Industries ; Country: AU

Sector
Material
Contributor
—
Last updated
07 Oct 2017
Reference ID
c00375c2-24e1-36c4-ad97-7ff250af2836

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Documentation

Quantitative reference
Cereal hay and silage, dryland, Western Downs and NW Slopes and Plains, NSW_Qld, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure
Sampling procedure: Face-to-face interviews with regional experts
Creation date
07 Oct 2017
Is copyright protected
No
Is infrastructure process
No
Tags
material
Sources
—

Product outputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Cereal hay and silage, dryland, Western Downs and NW Slopes and Plains, NSW_Qld, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 2490.0 kg —

Technical inputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Cultivating, broadacre crop, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 1.0 ha Surface x number of times ha is processed
Cultivating, broadacre crop, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.38 ha Surface x number of times ha is processed
Hay baling, round bales, broadacre crop, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 1.0 ha Surface x number of times ha is processed
Limestone, crushed, for mill {RoW}| market for limestone, crushed, for mill | Cut-off, U 180.0 kg Mass limestone
Monoammonium phosphate {AU}| market for monoammonium phosphate | AusLCI, U 41.0 kg Mass monoammonium phosphate
Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for pesticide, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.015 kg Mass chlorsulfuron
Pesticide, unspecified {GLO}| market for pesticide, unspecified | Cut-off, U 0.285 kg Mass MCPA
Planting, broadacre crop, soil clay content 10 to 20%, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 1.0 ha Surface x number of times ha is processed
Spraying, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 1.0 ha Surface x number of times ha is processed
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}| | AusLCI, U 62860.0 kg*km total mass of ingredients supplied to farm x average supply distance
Urea {AU}| market for urea | AusLCI, U 93.0 kg Mass urea

Elementary flow inputs

Flow Sub-compartment AmountUnitComment
Carbon dioxide, in air in air 7761.811200000001 kg Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the plant - Yield x (Drymatter content of crop x Carbon content of crop + Plant residue x Dry matter content of residue x Carbon content of residue) x Carbon to Carbon dioxide conversion factor
Occupation, annual crop, non-irrigated land 1.0 ha*a Actual land used for the cropping
Occupation, annual crop, non-irrigated, fallow land 0.19999999999999996 ha*a Crop fallow as a part of crop rotation allocated across all crops in the rotation

Elementary flow outputs

Flow CompartmentSub-compartment AmountUnitComment
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid Emission to waterriver 0.000354551693265 kg Mass of active ingredient MCPA applied x fraction released off field and redeposited to freshwater - Primary partitioning from PestLCI
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid Emission to waterground water 0.0 kg Mass of active ingredient MCPA applied x fraction released off field and redeposited to freshwater - Primary partitioning from PestLCI
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid Emissions to soilforestry 0.01917341884098 kg Mass of active ingredient MCPA applied x fraction released off field and redeposited to natural land - Primary partitioning from PestLCI
Ammonia Emission to airlow population density 5.691232 kg Direct emissions from fertilizers, Ammonia emissions - Nitrogen applied x fraction of nitrogen volatilized x conversion factor
Antimony, ion Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000008531587468800001 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Arsenic, ion Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0000005564078784000001 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Butadiene Emission to airlow population density 0.00107353990656 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Cadmium (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000011499096153600001 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Cadmium (II) Emissions to soilagricultural 214.6 kg Mass of Cadmium contained in fertilizer x Fraction released in soil
Carbon dioxide Emission to airlow population density 0.0 kg Annual soil carbon change. By default the switch is set to 0 to not soil carbon change. To include the value for soil carbon change set the switch to 1. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care. This value was calculated using APSIM for the agroecological region for the current rotations of crops in this area.
Carbon dioxide, fossil Emission to airlow population density 79.19999999999999 kg Emissions from lime application - Carbon applied with lime and dolomite x Emission factor x Conversion factor
Carbon dioxide, from soil or biomass stock Emission to airlow population density 0.0 kg By default land-use change is not included in the inventory due to high uncertainties in the calculation. However a value from the land-use change calculator developed by Blonk consultants has been included and can be switched on by changing the value of DLUC_switch to 1 calculated average LUC emissions if included
Carbon dioxide, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 3058.2989341695998 kg Emissions from burning residues - Residue which is not removed, and not burnt is assumed to degrade to biogenic carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 68.2 kg Emissions from urea application, reported as biogenic due to the ecoinvent background process used. Carbon applied with urea x Conversion factor
Carbon dioxide, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 0.0 kg Emissions from burning residues - Yield x Quantity of plant residue x Fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x Fry matter content x Burning efficiency x Carbon content x CO2 emission factor x Conversion factor
Carbon monoxide Emission to airlow population density 1.2873750912 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Carbon monoxide, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 1.5882630159052804 kg Emissions from burning residues - Yield x Quantity of plant residue x Fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x Fry matter content x Burning efficiency x Carbon content x CO emission factor x Conversion factor
Chlorsulfuron Emissions to watergroundwater 0.0 kg Mass of active ingredient chlorsulfuron applied x fraction released off field and redeposited to freshwater - Primary partitioning from PestLCI
Chlorsulfuron Emission to soilagricultural 0.013822212077144999 kg Mass of active ingredient chlorsulfuron applied x fraction released off field and redeposited to other agricultural land and fraction reaching soil - Primary partitioning from PestLCI
Chlorsulfuron Emissions to waterriver 0.000018660615435 kg Mass of active ingredient chlorsulfuron applied x fraction released off field and redeposited to freshwater - Primary partitioning from PestLCI
Chlorsulfuron Emission to airunspecified 0.00015 kg Mass of active ingredient chlorsulfuron applied x fraction released in air - Primary partitioning from PESTLCI
Chlorsulfuron Emissions to soilforestry 0.00100912730742 kg Mass of active ingredient chlorsulfuron applied x fraction released off field and redeposited to natural land - Primary partitioning from PestLCI
Chromium (VI) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0000057604580352 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Cobalt II Emission to airlow population density 0.0000020401622208000003 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Copper, ion Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000004080324441600001 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.15814254828886531 kg Direct emissions from fertilizers, Nitrous oxide emissions - Nitrogen applied x Emission factor x Conversion factor
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.01846678773849804 kg Fertilizers leaching, Nitrous oxide emissions - Nitrogen applied x fraction of nitrogen available for leaching x fraction of nitrogen leaching x emission factor x conversion factor
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.0015635528952685717 kg Emissions from burning residues - Yield x Quantity of plant residue x Fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x Fry matter content x Burning efficiency x Nitrogen content above ground x N2O emission factor x Conversion factor
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.015814254828886532 kg Indirect emissions from fertilizers, Nitrous oxide emissions - Nitrogen applied x Fraction of nitrogen volatilized x Emission factor x Conversion factor
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.3684049902051201 kg Emissions from residues - (Yield x Quantity of plant residue x Dry matter content x Nitrogen content x (1-Fraction of residues burnt - Fraction of residues removed) + (Yield x Quantity of plant residue x Residue ratio above/below ground x Dry matter content x Nitrogen content below ground)) x Emission factor x Conversion factor
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airlow population density 0.06767428571428573 kg Emissions from Mineralisation of N is loss of soil organic matter
Lead (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0000094698438912 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Lead (II) Emissions to soilagricultural 128.03 kg Mass of Lead contained in fertilizer x Fraction released in soil
MCPA Emission to airunspecified 0.0028499999999999997 kg Mass of active ingredient MCPA applied x fraction released in air - Primary partitioning from PESTLCI
MCPA Emission to soilagricultural 0.26262202946575497 kg Mass of active ingredient MCPA applied x fraction released off field and redeposited to other agricultural land and fraction reaching soil - Primary partitioning from PestLCI
Manganese (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.000023347310976000002 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Mercury (II) Emissions to soilagricultural 0.48905000000000004 kg Mass of Mercury contained in fertilizer x Fraction released in soil
Mercury (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0000024220107648 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airlow population density 0.040720328732160006 kg Emissions from burning residues - Yield x Quantity of plant residue x Fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x Fry matter content x Burning efficiency x Carbon content x CH4 emission factor x Conversion factor
NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.09268838817638403 kg Emissions from burning residues - Yield x Quantity of plant residue x Fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x Fry matter content x Burning efficiency x Carbon content x NMVOC emission factor x Conversion factor
Nickel (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0000033384472704 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Nitrate Emission to waterriver 6.889538075289986 kg Fertilizers leaching, Nitrous oxide emissions - Nitrogen applied x fraction of nitrogen available for leaching x fraction of nitrogen leaching from NIR x (1-nitrogen reemitted to air) x conversion factor
Nitrogen oxides Emission to airlow population density 0.048222016128 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Nitrogen oxides Emission to airlow population density 0.090342310722048 kg Emissions from burning residues - Yield x Quantity of plant residue x Fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x Fry matter content x Burning efficiency x Nitrogen content above ground x NOx emission factor x Conversion factor
Nitrogen, atmospheric Emissions to airlow. pop. 11.78 kg Amount calcualted from APSIM runs for full rotation in AER.
Particulates, < 10 um Emission to airlow population density 0.18546929280000002 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Phosphate Emission to watersurface water 0.02501746321620819 kg P run-off to surface waters - Ecoinvent report on agriculture
Phosphate Emission to waterground water 0.028644797981520004 kg Phosphorus leaching to ground water 0.07kg P per ha.a as phosphate PO4 - Ecoinvent report on agriculture
Phosphorus Emission to waterriver 0.00926404258514158 kg P emissions through erosion by water to surface waters ecoinvent report on agriculture
Selenium IV Emission to airlow population density 0.0000009273464640000001 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Soil loss by erosion into water Emissions to water— 5086.466560996457 kg [kg ha-1 y-1] Average annual soil erosions to water in kg ha-1 y-1. Based on Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) (Teng. Viscarra etal 2016) forAER16_Brisbane_Moreton; QLD
TOC, Total Organic Carbon Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.12000954240000002 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Zinc (II) Emissions to airlow. pop. 0.0000155794205952 kg emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
hydrogen ions Emissions to soilagricultural -3.004402228492056 kg Acidity added due to entire crop system Crops addition, fertiliser addition, imported crop addition and addition from lime

Parameters

NameValueFormulaDescription
Switch_PestSP — — if = 1, switch to use PestLCI secondary partitioning
EFsoilCminN2ON 0.002 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - (Gg N2O-N/Gg N) Emission factor for N mineralisation due to SOC change in cropping. National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016), pg 298
EF_Butadieneb 0.0492 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
CC_crop 0.4 CC_forage_crops_Crop Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for forage_crops crop - set same as value for residue based on National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
DM_forage_crops_Crop 0.88 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - Dry matter content of forage_crops crop - set same as value for residue based on National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
M_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 0.285 — (3,3,1,1,1,na) - applied month October with leaf interception of Stage I and drift reduction method None and application method Bare soil & crops <20cm (DE, Ganzelmeier&Rautmann).
Fremoved 0.312 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of the crop removed in the AER - source : National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
EF_Particulate_matter 8.5 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Cd_in_MAP 4.1 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - mg/kg Cadmium content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008-09
fracSoil_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.82843623 (1-Switch_PestSP)*PestLCISoil_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0+Switch_PestSP*PestLCISoilII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 Default fraction of AlSubstance released in soil.
EF_Selenium 0.0000425 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
PestLCISoil_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.82843623 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of AlSubstance deposited to agricultural soil on the field of application. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
fracCrop_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 — (1-Switch_PestSP)*PestLCICrop_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0+Switch_PestSP*PestLCICropII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 Fraction of AlSubstance remaining on crop - data from PESTLCI.
Pb_in_MAP 3.1 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - mg/kg Lead content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008-09
NAAR_Cropimport — 0 kg H+ accounts and nitrogen irons imported with other biogenic material such as stubble or compost from outside the field
Frac_Min_till 0.1 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) - From GRDC farm survery
N_in_MAP 0.1 — Nitrogen fraction in MAP fertiliser - FIFA Fertilizer Industry Federation of Australia Environment report 2010.
Nb_Haybaling_round 1.0 — (2,3,1,1,1,na) - Number of times the field is processed with Hay baling, round bales.
RUSLE 5.086466560996457 RUSLE_R*RUSLE_K*RUSLE_LS*RUSLE_P*RUSLE_C [t ha-1 y-1] Average anual soil erosions to water in t ha-1 y-1. Based on Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) (Teng. Viscarra etal 2016) forAER15_Western Downs and North West Slopes and Plains; NSW
AshAlkalinity 0.07 — (4,3,1,1,1,na)kmol/t - Baldock et al. 2009. Building a foundation for soil condition assessment. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report.
PestLCISoilII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.81122636 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance remaing on field soil. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
EF_Zinc 0.000714 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Fresremaining 0.5 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction remaining at the time of burning for the AER - source : National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
AF_Urea0L — — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - Acid Factor in kMol/kg N in Urea. Based on Upjohn, Fenton & Conyers (2005)
NCbg_residue 0.01 NCbg_forage_crops_Resi N content of below-ground crop residues for forage_crops residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
AF_MAP100L 0.142 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - Acid Factor in kMol/kg N in Mono Ammonium Phosphate. Based on Upjohn, Fenton & Conyers (2005)
No_add_tillage 0.38 Frac_No_till*0+Frac_Min_till*1+Frac_Multi_till*2 Additional tillage
PestLCIGWII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance released to groundwater Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
NCag_forage_crops_Resi 0.006 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - N content of above-ground crop residues for forage_crops residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
DM_crop 0.88 DM_forage_crops_Crop Dry matter content of forage_crops crop - set same as value for residue based on National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
PestLCISoil_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 0.82843623 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of AlSubstance deposited to agricultural soil on the field of application. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
PestLCIOF_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.16156377 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of AlSubstance deposited outside the field of application. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
CC_forage_crops_Resi 0.4 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for forage_crops residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
DLUC_value — — (2,2,1,1,1,na) - [tCO2eq/ha/year] Annual direct CO2 emissions from land use change. Source: Blonk 2016
PestLCICrop_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of AlSubstance deposited on crop. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
EFburn_CH4 0.0035 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Emission factor from crop residues burning for CH4 - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
Soil_C_Change_Switch — — By default the switch is set to 0 to not soil carbon change. To include the value for soil carbon change set the switch to 1. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care.
FracWet 0.111441013 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of area of AER where leaching occurs i.e. evapo-transpiration:rainfall ratio is <0.8 or >1. Climate data sourced from the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia
Switch_PestLCI 1.0 — if = 1, switch to use PestLCI values
EFN_leachS 0.0075 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - kgN2O-N/kgN - IPCC emission factor for N leaching and runoff from synthetic fertiliser - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
M_Urea 93.0 — (3,1,1,1,3,na) - [kg] urea
Frac_Multi_till 0.14 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) - From GRDC farm survery
Replace1stGlyphosate 0.38 iff(No_add_tillage<1;No_add_tillage;1) Additional tillage
fracAir_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 0.01 (1-Switch_PestSP)*PestLCIAir_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0+Switch_PestSP*PestLCIAirII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 Fraction of AlSubstance released in air - data from PESTLCI.
CC_forage_crops_Crop 0.4 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for forage_crops crop - set same as value for residue based on National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
fracOffField_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 0.16156377 (1-Switch_PestSP)*PestLCIOF_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0+Switch_PestSP*PestLCIOFII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 Fraction of AlSubstance released Off Field - data from PESTLCI.
Pb_in_Urea 0.01 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - mg/kg Lead content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008-09
Nb_Planting_clay10_20 1.0 — Number of times the field is processed with Planting, soil clay content 10-20%.
PestLCIGWII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance released to groundwater Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
EFN_DS_nonirrc_a600mm 0.0085 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - kgN2O-N/kgN - N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied on non-irrigated crop with rainfall >600mm - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
EFN_residues 0.01 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - kgN2O-N/kgN - IPCC emission factor for N emissions from residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
NAAR_Lime -3.6 m_lime*AF_Lime kg H+ Added due to lime addition
AF_Urea100L 0.072 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - Acid Factor in kMol/kg N in Urea. Based on Upjohn, Fenton & Conyers (2005)
fracGW_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 — Switch_PestSP*PestLCIGWII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 Fraction of AlSubstance reaching ground water - data from PESTLCI.
EFC_lime_nonirrc 0.12 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - kgC Emission factor for lime - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
DM_residue 0.88 DM_forage_crops_Resi Dry matter content of forage_crops residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
Soil_C_Loss_value 236.86 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - [kgC/ha/a] Annual soil carbon change. This value was calculated using APSIM for the agroecological region for the current rotations of crops in this area. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care. - Source: Zhongkui Liu (CSIRO, unpublished)”
RUSLE_C 0.012436 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - []Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). C = COverf factor (Teng, Viscarra etal 2016). Data derrived from GIS layer provided with the paper for the AER
EF_Carbon_monoxide 59.0 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
EF_Cobalt 0.0000935 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Frac_OF_nat 0.4164 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of active substance deposited into natural land offsite. Default value calculated with PestLCI 2.0 {Dijkman, 2012 #973} and multiplied by % of land next to the field that is natural land for the region – based on Global Land Cover GIS layer {Latham, 2014 #3214}
FracN_Leach 0.3 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - kgN/kgN - default fraction of N lost through leaching and runoff - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016
PestLCIAirII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.01 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance released to air. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
EFburn_CO 0.078 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
Nb_Cultivating 1.0 — (2,3,1,1,1,na) - Number of times the field is processed with Scarifying
PestLCIAirII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance released to air. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
AF_Lime -0.02 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kg H+] added due to the system (-ve means removed). 50 kg lime removes 1 kMol H which is same as 1 kg Hydrogen ions. (Baldock Building a foundation for soil condition assessment J.A. Baldock et al 2009
fracAir_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.01 (1-Switch_PestSP)*PestLCIAir_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0+Switch_PestSP*PestLCIAirII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 Fraction of AlSubstance released in air - data from PESTLCI.
Replace2ndGlyphosate — iff(No_add_tillage>1;No_add_tillage-1;0) Additional tillage
PestLCICrop_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of AlSubstance deposited on crop. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
FracRainb600mm 0.794092308 0.794092308 percentage of cultivation area with rainfall <600mm = 0.3 - source: climate data source fromQueensland Government, 2016
fracSoil_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 0.82843623 (1-Switch_PestSP)*PestLCISoil_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0+Switch_PestSP*PestLCISoilII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 Default fraction of AlSubstance released in soil.
NFERT 46.88 M_MAP*N_in_MAP+M_Urea*N_in_Urea Total amount of N applied: sum of (mass of nitrogen fertilizer x nitrogen content)
EFN_DS_nonirrc_b600mm 0.0005 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - kgN2O-N/kgN - N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied on non-irrigated crop with rainfall <600mm - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
Cd_in_Urea 0.5 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - mg/kg Cadmium content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008-09
PestLCIOF_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 0.16156377 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of AlSubstance deposited outside the field of application. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
EF_TOC 5.5 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Supply_distance 200.0 — (4,3,1,3,1,na) - [km] average distance to supply farm inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, lime)
HgFERT 0.48905000000000004 M_MAP*Hg_in_MAP+ M_Urea*Hg_in_Urea [kgC] Total amount of Hg applied with MAP: mass of fertilizer x Hgcontent in fertilizer
Nb_Spraying 1.0 — (2,3,1,1,1,na) - Number of times the field is processed with Spraying, pre & post-emergence
Res_ab_crop 0.37 Res_ab_forage_crops below ground/above ground residue ratio for forage_crops - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
fracOffField_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.16156377 (1-Switch_PestSP)*PestLCIOF_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0+Switch_PestSP*PestLCIOFII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 Fraction of AlSubstance released Off Field - data from PESTLCI.
RUSLE_P 1.0 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [] Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). P = Practice factor (Teng, Viscarra etal 2016). Data derrived from GIS layer provided with the paper for the AER
EF_Copper 0.000187 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
FracN_GASF 0.1 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - kgN/kgN - IPCC default fraction of synthetic fertiliser N that volatilised as NH3- N and NOx-N - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
fracGW_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 — Switch_PestSP*PestLCIGWII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 Fraction of AlSubstance reaching ground water - data from PESTLCI.
CdFERT 214.6 M_MAP*Cd_in_MAP+ M_Urea*Cd_in_Urea [kgC] Total amount of Cd applied with MAP: mass of fertilizer x Cdcontent in fertilizer
Burn_efficiency 0.96 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default burning efficiency for residue from crop - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
Res_crop 1.34 Res_forage_crops residue/crop ratio for forage_crops - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
NCag_residue 0.006 NCag_forage_crops_Resi N content of above-ground crop residues for forage_crops residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
PestLCIAir_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 0.01 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of AlSubstance released to Air. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
DM_forage_crops_Resi 0.88 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - Dry matter content of forage_crops residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
Res_ab_forage_crops 0.37 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - below ground/above ground residue ratio for forage_crops - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
PestLCISoilII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance remaing on field soil. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
PestLCIAir_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.01 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of AlSubstance released to Air. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
Seed_input 80.0 — (3,3,2,2,2,na) - [kg/ha] of seed
P_in_soil 0.000408 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [kgP/tsoil] P content in soil in the AER of Cropping - source: Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia
NAAR_FERT 0.415697771507944 M_MAP*AF_MAP*N_In_MAP+M_Urea*AF_Urea*N_in_Urea Total amount of H+ applied with fertilizers: sum of (mass of nitrogen fertilizer x Acid Factor per Fertiliser)
EFburn_N2O 0.0076 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Emission factor from crop residues burning for N2O - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
RUSLE_LS 9.752859 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [] Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). L = Slope length factor and S is slope steepness factor. (Teng, Viscarra etal 2016). Data derrived from GIS layer provided with the paper for the AER
EF_Cadmium 0.000527 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
CC_residue 0.4 CC_forage_crops_Resi Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for forage_crops residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
EFburn_CO2 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO2 - As per the IPCC Guidelines (IPCC 2006) the CO2 emissions from burning of agricultural residues are not included in the inventory total since it is assumed that an equivalent amount of CO2 was removed by the growing crop, National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
OTHERDATA 1.0 — OTHER DATA
M_lime 180.0 — (3,3,2,2,2,na) - [kg] limestone (adjusted to account for purity: 900 g/kg)
PFERT 9.02 M_MAP*P_in_MAP Total amount of P applied: sum of (mass of phosphorus fertilizer x phosphorus content)
M_tot_supply 314.3 M_MAP+M_Urea+M_lime+M_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0+M_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 [kg] products transported to the farm gate
P_in_MAP 0.22 — Phosphorus fraction in Mono ammonium phosphate - FIFA Fertilizer Industry Federation of Australia Environment report 2010.
EFC_lime 0.12 EFC_lime_nonirrc kgC
Hg_in_Urea 0.00085 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - mg/kg Mercury content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008-09
fracS_Hg 1.0 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil
EFburn_NOx 0.21 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Emission factor from crop residues burning for NOx - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
NCbg_forage_crops_Resi 0.01 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - N content of below-ground crop residues for forage_crops residues - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
PestLCIOFII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 0.16156377 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance deposited outside the field. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
EF_N_Direct 0.0021472615360000006 EFN_DS_nonirrc_b600mm*fracRainb600mm+(1-fracRainb600mm)*EFN_DS_nonirrc_a600mm kgN2O-N/kgN - N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016) - value for Non-irrigated crop in AER15_Western Downs and North West Slopes and Plains where percentage of cultivation area with rainfall <600mm = 0.3 - source: climate data source from Queensland Government, 2016
M_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.015 — (3,3,1,1,1,na) - applied month May with leaf interception of Stage I and drift reduction method None and application method Bare soil & crops <20cm (DE, Ganzelmeier&Rautmann).
Frac_OF_freshwater 0.0077 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of active substance deposited into surface water Default value calculated with PestLCI 2.0 {Dijkman, 2012 #973} and multiplied by % of land next to the field that is fresh waste for the region - source: based on Global Land Cover GIS layer {Latham, 2014 #3214}
EF_Mercury 0.000111 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
EF_Arsenic 0.0000255 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
PestDefaultSoil_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 1.0 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default fraction of AlSubstance released in soil.
C_in_urea 0.2 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - C content in urea
fracCrop_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 — (1-Switch_PestSP)*PestLCICrop_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0+Switch_PestSP*PestLCICropII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 Fraction of AlSubstance remaining on crop - data from PESTLCI.
EF_Nickel 0.000153 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
EF_Antimony 0.000391 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Frac_No_till 0.76 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) - From GRDC farm survery
Yield 2570.0 — (2,2,1,1,1,na) - [kg/ha] yield
N_in_urea 0.46 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) nitrogen fraction in urea
NAAR_Crop 0.1799 AshAlkalinity*Yield/1000 [kg H+] Added due to plant removal
PestLCIOFII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.16156377 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance deposited outside the field. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
AF_MAP0L 0.074 — (2,2,2,2,1,na) - Acid Factor in kMol/kg N in Mono Ammonium Phosphate. Based on Upjohn, Fenton & Conyers (2005)
EF_Chromium_VI 0.000264 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
PbFERT 128.03 M_MAP*Pb_in_MAP+ M_Urea*Pb_in_Urea [kgC] Total amount of Pb applied with MAP: mass of fertilizer x Pbcontent in fertilizer
EF_Manganese 0.00107 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
Surface 1.0 — [ha] of land use
PestLCICropII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance remaing on plant leaf. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
PestLCICropII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance remaing on plant leaf. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
AF_MAP 0.0762733966652 AF_MAP0L*(1-FracN_Leach*FracWET)+AF_MAP100L*(FracN_Leach*FracWET) [kmol+/kg N] Acid factor (kmol+/kg N) for MAP taking account of the fraction of N being leached.
Duration 1.2 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) - [y] duration that one cycle of the crop uses the land, including fallow period.
RUSLE_K 0.026996 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [t ha hr ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1] Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). K= Soil erodibility factor (t ha hr ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1), (Teng, Viscarra etal 2016). Data derrived from GIS layer provided with the paper for the AER
Hg_in_MAP 0.01 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - mg/kg Mercury content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008-09
Frac_OF_agr 0.5759 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of active substance deposited into agricultural land offsite Default value calculated with PestLCI 2.0 {Dijkman, 2012 #973} and multiplied by % of land next to the field that is agricultural land for the region - based on Global Land Cover GIS layer {Latham, 2014 #3214}
M_MAP 41.0 — (3,1,1,1,3,na) - [kg] monoammonium phosphate
NAAR_Tot -3.004402228492056 NAAR_Crop + NAAR_Cropimport+NAAR_Lime+NAAR_fert [kg H+] Added due to the system - Net addition (-ve = subtraction) of H+ in kg
AF_Urea 0.0024071258807999998 AF_Urea0L*(1-FracN_Leach*FracWET)+AF_Urea100L*(FracN_Leach*FracWET) [kmol+/kg N] Acid factor (kmol+/kg N) for Urea taking account of the fraction of N being leached.
Res_forage_crops 1.34 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - residue/crop ratio for forage_crops - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
Fburnt 0.015 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of residues burnt for the AER - source : National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
fracS_Pb 1.0 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil
EF_Oxides_of_nitrogen 2.21 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)
RUSLE_R 1553.474452 — (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [MJ mm ha-1 hr-1 y-1] Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). R= Rainfail - runoff erosivity factor MJ mm ha-1 hr-1 y-1, (Teng, Viscarra etal 2016). Data derrived from GIS layer provided with the paper for the AER
fracS_Cd 1.0 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil
EFburn_NMVOC 0.0091 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Emission factor from crop residues burning for NMVOC - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016)
Total_area 15585.0 — Total area of cropping in the AER
PestLCIDegrII_AI_0501_I000_M05_A03_DR0 0.01720988 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance degradation. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
CUrea 18.6 M_Urea*C_in_Urea [kgC] Total amount of Carbon applied with urea: mass of urea x carbon content in urea
PestDefaultSoil_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 1.0 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default fraction of AlSubstance released in soil.
DLUC_switch — — By default the switch is set to 0 to not include direct land use change. To include the value for direct land use change set the switch to 1. Direct land use change calculation approach is still uncertain
PestLCIDegrII_AI_1176_I000_M10_A03_DR0 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Partitioning fraction accouting both primary and secondary processes for AlSubstance degradation. Calculated using consensus model based on PEST LCI.
EF_Lead 0.000434 — (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999)