Cattle production, South West, Vic, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle herd in the VIC South West including pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm The system boundary ends at the field gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - weaners, prime cattle and culled cattle. The direct emissions on the field are also included. Excluded processes: Indirect land use change is not included by default however the details of land use change in VIC South West is included in parameters of the inventory. Remark: This process is an unallocated coproducing process for cattle production in VIC South West and should not be used directly in an LCA. For specific products use the allocated inventory processes for specific products. This inventory has been developed as with support from Australian Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grants for the project ?AusAgLCI - enabling continual improvement of sustainability by life cycle impact assessment (INNOV-033)? which is was undertaken by CSIRO Agriculture and Life Cycle Strategies from 2014-2016. Technology: Average Time period: 2010/11 to 2014/15 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU

Sector: Material
Contributor: —
Last updated: 27 Apr 2019
Reference ID: c12077bb-79f4-3813-bc41-64397f2512ef

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Documentation

Quantitative reference: Cattle production, South West, Vic, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure: Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Creation date: 27 Apr 2019
Is copyright protected: No
Is infrastructure process: No
Tags: material
Sources: Land Use of Australia, 2010-11
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2014-15
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment
Farm budgets and costs: Livestock gross margin budgets
Farm Business Planning Tools
Livestock Farm Monitor Project Results 2013/14
National Inventory Report 2013 Volume 1
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00
Rural Solutions SA PIRSA (2015) Farm Gross Margin 2015
Slattery, W, Ridley, A, Windsor, S Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products.
Updated FarmGAS Tools and Support Material

Product outputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle production, South West, Vic, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	1.0	kg	Unallocation inventory for production of a range of cattle in this region as described in the comment field

Technical inputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle, internal parasite control {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.00794921334896902	Item(s)	Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
Chemical, organic {GLO}\| market for chemical, organic \| Cut-off, U	0.010348268678951363	g	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total copra for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total protein pellets for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total cottonseed for herd.
Diesel {RoW}\| market for diesel \| Cut-off, U	0.06768	kg	Fuel use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Dry season mix, 30% urea, 5.5% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0092502633649778	kg	Total dry season lick for herd.
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NSW}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NT}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-QLD}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-SA}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-VIC}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-WA-SWIS}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0010897258703280765	ha	Application of fertiliser to pasture
Forage sorghum, irrigated, Darling Downs QLD {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage sorghum grazed by herd.
Molasses, C-grade, at mill gate, {AU-QLD}\| sugarcane milling \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total molasses for herd.
Native Pasture hay, Northern Australia {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.59322327413817	kg	Total hay for herd.
Oat grain, dryland, Central and SW Slopes and Plains, NSW_Vic, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage oats grazed for herd.
Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}\| market for polyurethane, flexible foam \| Cut-off, U	0.05997638324955852	g	Total weight of ID tags.
Single superphosphate {AU}\| market for single superphosphate \| AusLCI, U	0.12422874921740072	kg	Single superphosphate for pasture improvement
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.059322327413817	t*km	Total transport of inputs to region. All assumed to be by articulated truck
Wet season mix, 0% N 21% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wet season mix, 20% GranAm, 40% Kynofos, 40% Salt, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wheat grain, dryland, Central and SW Slopes and Plains, NSW_Vic, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wheat for herd.

Elementary flow inputs

Flow	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Carbon dioxide, in air	in air	-0.7013941354026495	kg	Net atmospheric CO2 absorbed by production system (if positive) or released (if negative) based on
Occupation, grassland, natural, for livestock grazing	—	0.005448629351640383	ha*a	Intersection of livestock region (based on SA2 units) and 2010 Land Use Map (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences 2016) for natural and sown pastures
Water, unspecified natural origin, Campaspe, VIC, AU	—	0.000012974298186886243	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Campaspe, VIC, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Campaspe, VIC, AU	—	0.00000000008250903945936898	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Campaspe, VIC, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Loddon-Avoca, VIC, AU	—	0.06287045494483837	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Loddon-Avoca, VIC, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Loddon-Avoca, VIC, AU	—	0.0000003998197646725345	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Loddon-Avoca, VIC, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU	—	27.996363758200392	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU	—	0.00017804069621114353	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Wimmera, VIC, AU	—	3.1289696079561984	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Wimmera, VIC, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Wimmera, VIC, AU	—	0.0000198984386770891	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Wimmera, VIC, AU catchment.

Elementary flow outputs

Flow	Compartment	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Ammonia	Emission to air	unspecified	0.18588768712798828	kg	NH3 emission
Area grazed	Non material emissions	—	0.005448629351640383	ha	—
Copra feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Cottonseed feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Culled breeders	Non material emissions	—	0.1831318003750902	kg	—
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0002292385171083232	kg	N2O leaching and runoff
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0022640955981511304	kg	Dung and Urine N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0009622421451331158	kg	N2O atmospheric deposition
Direct electricity	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kWh	—
Dry lick	Non material emissions	—	0.0092502633649778	kg	—
Dung & Urine N2O	Non material emissions	—	0.0022640955981511304	kg	—
Enteric methane	Non material emissions	—	0.30769828560133705	kg	—
Evaporative water loss	Non material emissions	—	0.19833903716194462	m3	—
Hay feed	Non material emissions	—	0.59322327413817	kg	—
Indirect N2O atm dep	Non material emissions	—	0.0009622421451331158	kg	—
Indirect N2O leaching	Non material emissions	—	0.0002292385171083232	kg	—
Livestock numbers	Non material emissions	—	809973.0	Item(s)	—
Manure methane	Non material emissions	—	0.00006198861925210621	kg	—
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.00006198861925210621	kg	Manure Methane
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.30769828560133705	kg	Enteric Methane
Molasses feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Nitrogen	Emission to water	ground water	0.019304761712575873	kg	N leached from Dung and Urine
Oats feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
P fertiliser	Non material emissions	—	0.12422874921740072	kg	—
Prime cattle	Non material emissions	—	0.8168681996249098	kg	—
Protein pellets feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Quantity of livestock	Non material emissions	—	158319816.66	kg	—
Silage feed	Non material emissions	—	0.33180306235961	kg	—
Sorghum feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Transportation to farm	Non material emissions	—	0.059322327413817	t*km	—
Water intake of livestock	Non material emissions	—	0.031188216795399615	m3	—
Weaners	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Wet lick	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Wheat feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
hydrogen ions	Emissions to soil	—	-0.00007514528873633924	kg	Net change in H ions due to imports (feriliser, feeds) to and exports (cattle) from the farm

Parameters

Name	Value	Formula	Description
P_Weaners	1.73	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Weaners ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
P_CulledBreeders	0.756875	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Culled breeders ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
KM_Lick	—	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km)
TotN_LeachGW	3079422.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
PR_fert	0.2	—	Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate
EFN_Leach	0.0075	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O.
AF_Molasses	—	—	Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
NAAR_Inputs	-65725.726	(Dry_mixAF_Dry_mix+Wet_mixAF_Wet_mix+HayAF_Hay+CopraAF_Copra+MolassesAF_Molasses+CottonseedAF_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsAF_Protein_Pellets+WheatAF_Wheat)/1000	Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer)
C_cattle	7282711.56636	CC_cattle*ProductTotal	kg of biogenic carbon in cattle leaving the system as products
Wet_mix	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg)
Vaccine_vol	2.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml)
Hay	93919000.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg)
Cottonseed	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg)
KM_Wheat	—	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for wheat (km)
Copra	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg)
C_imported	37567600.0	Dry_mixCC_Dry_mix+Wet_mixCC_Wet_mix+HayCC_Hay+CopraCC_Copra+MolassesCC_Molasses+CottonseedCC_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsCC_Protein_Pellets+WheatCC_Wheat	kg of biogenic carbon in imported feed
Lime_purity	0.9	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
AF_Cottonseed	—	—	Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
NAAR_Cattle	53828.7376644	producttotal*af_cattle/1000	Change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from export of cattle product
ATMOS_N2O	152342.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
F_Wimmera_VIC	0.100325377	—	Fraction of Wimmera, VIC, AU catchment in livestock region.
F_South_East_Coast_NSW_VIC_and_SA	0.897658367	—	Fraction of South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
Water	4937712765.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year)
SOC_change	—	—	Change in SOC t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer
F_Campaspe_VIC	0.000000416	—	Fraction of Campaspe, VIC, AU catchment in livestock region.
P_PrimeCattle	1.73	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Prime cattle ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Sorghum_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum planed and grazed (ha)
P_fert	114.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Evap_water_loss	31401.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML). Potential evaporation from long-term annual Australian 5 km potential evaporation surface (Penman, 1981-2010; Donohue et al, 2013). Dam surface area from regional-scale surface hydrology polygons, Geoscience Australia (Crossman and Li 2015).
Cows	439350.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Oats_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.40 of oats as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
CC_Hay	0.4	—	Carbon content 0.44 of hay as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KM_Molasses	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km)
CC_Molasses	0.347	—	Carbon content 0.42 of molasses as delivered assuming moisture content of 17.5%
CC_Copra	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.5 of copra as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Dry_mix	1464500.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg)
DMI	2265801682.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter Intake. (Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
BiogenicCO2	—	SOC_change3.667HA_GRAZING*0	Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq
Ent_CH4	48714736.162999995	DMI*EF_Ent	enteric methane (kg) based on DMI and emission factor. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
Oats_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats planted and grazed (ha)
AF_Wet_mix	—	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
HA_GRAZING	862626.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region (based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
EF_Ent	0.0215	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Enteric Methane emission factor in kg methane per kg of DMI. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
All_PrimeCattle_Mass	0.8168681996249098	kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle
KG_PrimeCattle	129326423.6	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Fuel_use	12665585.3328	Fuel*ProductTotal	Fuel used
All_Culledbreeders	0.08932129560705165	All_CulledBreeders_EcoEconomicAll+All_CulledBreeders_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
Vaccine	1638336.0	(Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml).
KG_CulledBreeders	28993393.06	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Tot_P_fert	19667872.8	P_fertHA_GrazingPR_fert	Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate
KM_Hay	100.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km)
Elec_use	—	Elec*ProductTotal	Electricity used
All_Weaners_Eco	—	(KG_WeanersP_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI
All_CulledBreeders_Mass	0.1831318003750902	kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
Anthelmintics	1258518.0	Cows*2+Calves_weaned	Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites
AF_Dry_mix	0.012	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_cattle	0.046	—	Carbon content 0.152 of cattle as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
All_CulledBreeders_Eco	0.08932129560705165	(KG_CulledBreedersP_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle - default for AusLCI
ID_tags	9495450.0	Calves_weaned*ID_tag	Weight of ID tags total (g)
ID_tag	25.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g)
All_Weaners	—	All_Weaners_EcoEconomicAll+All_Weaners_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
Calves_weaned	379818.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number calves weaned using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
AF_Copra	—	—	Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_Dry_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
F_Loddon_Avoca_VIC	0.00201584	—	Fraction of Loddon-Avoca, VIC, AU catchment in livestock region.
Protein_Pellets	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets fed (kg)
Molasses	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg)
CC_Wheat	0.36	—	Carbon content 0.40 of wheat as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KM_Protein_pellets	600.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km)
C_added	-30284888.43364	C_cattle-C_imported	Net carbon added by this process, from pasture into cattle less carbon output from cattle via respiration and manure. Assumes soil carbon is stable thorugh the process.
All_PrimeCattle	0.9106787043929484	All_PrimeCattle_EcoEconomicAll+All_PrimeCattle_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled breeding cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
AF_Hay	-0.7	—	Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
KM_Copra	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km)
CC_Cottonseed	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.50 of cottonseed as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KM_Cottonseed	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km)
AF_Protein_Pellets	—	—	Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
DU_N2O	358451.2	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
MAN_CH4	9814.026835	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Manure methane. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Elec	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/kg LW cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
CC_Sorghum_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.44 of forage sorghum as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
EconomicAll	1.0	—	By default this is set to 1 for economic allocation of different cattle classes. For mass allocation set to 0.
CC_Protein_Pellets	0.405	—	Carbon content 0.50 of protein_pellets as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
TotalTkmRoad	9391900.0	(Dry_mixKM_Lick+Wet_mixKM_LICK+HayKM_Hay+CopraKM_Copra+MolassesKM_Molasses+CottonseedKM_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsKM_Protein_Pellets+WheatKM_Wheat)/1000	Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported for articulated trucks.
Fuel	0.08	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/kg LW of cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Silage	52531000.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total weight of silage grown and fed (kg)
CC_Silage	0.2	—	Carbon content 0.44 of silage as delivered assuming moisture content of 55%
Wheat	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wheat fed (kg)
All_Weaners_Mass	—	kg_Weaners/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
AF_Wheat	—	—	Acid factor for wheat (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
ProductTotal	158319816.66	KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners	Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight)
KG_Weaners	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Cattle	809973.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of livestock carried for the year using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
N_LeachGW	3056326.335	TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach)	N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg).
LEACH_N2O	36293.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
AF_Cattle	0.34	—	Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.).
All_PrimeCattle_Eco	0.9106787043929484	(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI
CC_Wet_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%