Canola seed, dryland, S Highland and Gippsland {AU-NSW}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U
Unit process v00.00.000
This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of canola. The yield is 1824 t/ha. Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. (Hume, I., Renouf, M.A., Eady, S.J., Grant, T., 2025). It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government’s Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production Volume: 70926 t/yr. Activities included: This activity starts after the harvest of the previous crop. Activities included are: the inputs of seeds, mineral fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation water, all machine operations and corresponding machine infrastructure and sheds. It is assumed that no organic fertilisers are applied. Machine operations are: soil cultivation, sowing, fertilisation, irrigation, weed control, pest and pathogen control, combine-harvest, and drying of grains. Direct field emissions are included. This activity ends after harvest and drying of grains at the farm gate. Energy values: 28.8MJ/kg (gross). Nutritional values: Protein: 21%. Carbohydrate: 0%. Fat: 46%. Geography: Southern Highlands, Tablelands and Gippsland, NSW, AU. Technology level: Represents current practices as per gross margins reports (AgMargins 2024 & SA Gross Margin Guide 2022). Time period: 2017-2021. Record: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU
- Sector
- Material
- Contributor
- —
- Last updated
- 30 May 2025
- Reference ID
d2ad4622-5175-3cfa-ae18-9da11bf38923
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Documentation
- Quantitative reference
- Canola seed, dryland, S Highland and Gippsland {AU-NSW}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U
- Sampling procedure
- Secondray data compiled from publicly available resources. Validated by expert knowledge to represent typical representative practices and inputs.
- Creation date
- 30 May 2025
- Is copyright protected
- No
- Is infrastructure process
- No
- Tags
- material
- Sources
-
Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia/2014/CSIRO
Soil loss by water erosion in Australia/2016/ Teng, H. et.al.
NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025)/2024/Commonwealth of Australia
AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government
Environment Australia, 1999
Farm Business Planning Tools/2025/Tasmanian Government
Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT
Land Management and Farming in Australia, 2016-17/2018/ABS
Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator/2016/GRDC
SILO climate data/2024/Queensland Government
TraNSIT-Supply Chain Transport and Logistics Dashboard/2025/Australian Gov
Product outputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canola seed, dryland, S Highland and Gippsland {AU-NSW}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U | 1817.0 | kg | Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.4 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.96 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. Heating value, gross: 28.8 MJ/kg |
| Canola straw, dryland, S Highland and Gippsland , biogenic C not balanced {AU-NSW}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U | 189.28 | kg | Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.4 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.92 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. Heating value, gross: 18.9 MJ/kg |
Technical inputs
| Flow | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U | -64.52419612607451 | kg | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - 1.05 Uncertainty. Carbon correction factor in kgCO2eq. Calculated to ensure the carbon balance is maintained after allocation. Source: Land Management and Farming in Australia, 2016-17/2018/ABS |
| Cultivating, broadacre crop, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.0 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic cultivation. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Cultivating, broadacre crop, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.0 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for cultivating. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.08 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic fertilization. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 1.92 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs forfertilizing. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Glyphosate {RoW}| glyphosate production | Cut-off, U | 1.73 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of glyphosate applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Harvesting, broadacre crop, combine less than 200kW, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.04 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic harvesting. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Harvesting, broadacre crop, combine less than 200kW, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.96 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for harvesting. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Hay raking, broadacre crop, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.04 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic hay raking. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Hay raking, broadacre crop, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.96 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for hay raking. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Limestone, milled, loose {RoW}| market for limestone, milled, loose | Cut-off, U | -3.5820602666666645 | kg | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of lime applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012 |
| Liming, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.01 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic lime application. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Liming, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.24 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for liming. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Monoammonium phosphate {AU}| market for monoammonium phosphate | AusLCI, U | 41.4 | kg | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of MAP applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012 |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.0051 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of emamectin applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.5 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of Propyzamide applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.96 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of trifluralin applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.25 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of chlorpyrifos applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.0208 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of haloxyfop applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.006 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.008 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.01 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of bifenthrin applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.1 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of flutriafol applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.075 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of clopyralid applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.119 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of clethodim applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pesticide, unspecified {RoW}| pesticide production, unspecified | Cut-off, U | 0.05 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Mass of Sulfoxaflor applied to canola field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Planting, broadacre crop, soil clay content greater than 20%, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.04 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic planting. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Planting, broadacre crop, soil clay content greater than 20%, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.96 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for planting. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Pumping, irrigation, 70m total pumping head, 100% diesel {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.0 | ML | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Energy used in irrigation.Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Soil nitrogen, S Coast {AU-SA}| market for soil nitrogen | AusLCI, U | 1.1 | kg | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of UAN applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012 |
| Spraying, aerial, broadacre crop {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 1.0 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Spraying, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, controlled traffic {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 0.44 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for contolled traffic spraying of crop protection chemicals. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Spraying, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 10.559999999999999 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Operational inputs for spraying of crop protection chemicals. Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Transport, truck, 3,5 to 16t, fleet average {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 40.13036794666667 | t*km | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Total transport of inputs to region. |
| Travel spray boom irrigation system, production, per ha {AU}| | AusLCI, U | 1.0 | ha | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - 1.09 Uncertainty. Irrigation infrastructure.Calculated as: number of times each ha is processed over a year * number of ha. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Urea ammonium nitrate {AU}| market for urea ammonium nitrate | AusLCI, U | 0.0 | kg | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of UAN applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012 |
| Urea {AU}| market for urea | AusLCI, U | 159.0 | kg | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - 1.24 Uncertainty. Mass of urea applied to canola field. Source: Baldock 2012 |
Elementary flow inputs
| Flow | Sub-compartment | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide, in air | in air | 7671.924480000001 | kg | Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the plant. Calculated. |
| Occupation, annual crop, non-irrigated | land | 1.0 | ha*a | Actual land used for the cropping |
| Occupation, annual crop, non-irrigated, fallow | land | 0.0 | ha*a | Crop fallow as a part of crop rotation allocated across all crops in the rotation |
| Transformation, from annual crop, non-irrigated | land | 1.0 | m2 | No net land transformation assumed. Any net land transformations due to direct land use change (dLUC) to be added when more clarity regarding LUC estimation method, and consistent with carbon fluxes from dLUC |
| Transformation, to annual crop, non-irrigated | land | 1.0 | m2 | No net land transformation assumed. Any net land transformations due to direct land use change (dLUC) to be added when more clarity regarding LUC estimation method, and consistent with carbon fluxes from dLUC |
Elementary flow outputs
| Flow | Compartment | Sub-compartment | Amount | Unit | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide | Emissions to water | river | 0.000615 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Propyzamide applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.0333 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Propyzamide applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide | Emissions to soil | agricultural | 0.46104999999999996 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Propyzamide applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.005 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Propyzamide applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Ammonia | Emission to air | low population density | 10.3199712 | kg | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Direct emissions from fertilizers. Ammonia emissions. Total mass of N applied * fraction of nitrogen volatilized * conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Antimony, ion | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.00015005367336960002 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Arsenic, ion | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.0000097861091328 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Bifenthrin | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.000666 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of bifenthrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Bifenthrin | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0001 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of bifenthrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Bifenthrin | Emission to soil | agricultural | 0.009221 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of bifenthrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Bifenthrin | Emissions to water | river | 0.0000123 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of bifenthrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Butadiene | Emission to air | low population density | 0.01888143409152 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Cadmium (II) | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.0002022462554112 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Cadmium (II) | Emissions to soil | agricultural | 0.00024923999999999997 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 2 Uncertainty. Mass of metal cadmium contained in fertilizer x fraction released in soil. Source: |
| Carbon dioxide | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Annual soil carbon change. By default the switch is set to 0 to not soil carbon change. To include the value for soil carbon change set the switch to 1. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care. This value was calculated using APSIM for the agroecological region for the current rotations of crops in this area. Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon dioxide, fossil | Emission to air | low population density | -1.418495865599999 | kg | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.08 Uncertainty.Direct emissions caused by the application of lime to soil to counteract acidification. (M lin applied to neautralise NAAR * lime EF form NIR 22) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon dioxide, fossil | Emission to air | low population density | 116.60000000000001 | kg | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Emissions from urea application. Reported as biogenic due to the ecoinvent background process used. Carbon applied with urea x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon dioxide, from soil or biomass stock | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0 | kg | This flow intentionally set to zero. Carbon fluxes from direct land use change (dLUC) to be added when more clarity regarding LUC estimation method Source: |
| Carbon dioxide, non-fossil | Emission to air | low population density | 4317.9141125119995 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues - Residue which is not removed, and not burnt is assumed to degrade to biogenic carbon dioxide. Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon dioxide, non-fossil | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x carbon content x CH4 emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon monoxide | Emission to air | low population density | 22.6423701504 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon monoxide, non-fossil | Emission to air | low population density | 26.799556321714174 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x carbon content x CO emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carfentrazone ethyl ester | Emission to air | low population density | 0.00008 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Carfentrazone-ethyl | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.0005328 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Carfentrazone-ethyl | Emissions to water | river | 0.00000984 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Carfentrazone-ethyl | Emission to soil | agricultural | 0.007376799999999999 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Chlorpyrifos | Emissions to water | river | 0.0003075 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of chlorpyrifos applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Chlorpyrifos | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.01665 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of chlorpyrifos applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Chlorpyrifos | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0025 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of chlorpyrifos applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Chlorpyrifos | Emission to soil | agricultural | 0.23052499999999998 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of chlorpyrifos applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Chromium (VI) | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.00010131501219840002 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Clethodim | Emission to soil | agricultural | 0.10972989999999999 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clethodim applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Clethodim | Emissions to water | river | 0.00014637 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clethodim applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Clethodim | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0011899999999999999 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clethodim applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Clethodim | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.0079254 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clethodim applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Clopyralid | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.00075 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clopyralid applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Clopyralid | Emission to soil | agricultural | 0.0691575 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clopyralid applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Clopyralid | Emissions to water | river | 0.00009224999999999999 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clopyralid applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Clopyralid | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.004995 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of clopyralid applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Cobalt II | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0000358824001536 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Copper, ion | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.0000717648003072 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Dinitrogen monoxide | Emission to air | low population density | 0.905622480672 | kg | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Direct emissions from fertilizers. Nitrous oxide emissions. Total mass of N applied * emission factor * conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Dinitrogen monoxide | Emission to air | low population density | 0.036841428571428574 | kg | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Nitrous oxide production from mineralisation due to loss of soil carbon, NIR 2022 Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Dinitrogen monoxide | Emission to air | low population density | 0.09961847287392002 | kg | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Indirect emissions from fertilizers. Nitrous oxide emissions. Total mass of N applied * fraction of nitrogen volatilized * emission factor * conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Dinitrogen monoxide | Emission to air | low population density | 0.04124968353792 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x nitrogen content above ground x N2O emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Dinitrogen monoxide | Emission to air | low population density | 0.28175348597759997 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from residues above ground nitrogen yield x quantity of plant residue x dry matter content x carbon content x nitrogen content x (1-fraction of residues burnt - fraction of residues removed) x emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Dinitrogen monoxide | Emission to air | low population density | 0.11410304209919998 | kg | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - 1.4 Uncertainty.Fertilizers leaching. Nitrous oxide emissions. Total mass of N applied * fraction of nitrogen available for leaching * fraction of nitrogen leaching * emission factor * conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Emamectin benzoate | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.000051000000000000006 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of emamectin applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Emamectin benzoate | Emissions to water | river | 0.000006273 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of emamectin applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Emamectin benzoate | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.00033966000000000004 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of emamectin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Emamectin benzoate | Emission to soil | agricultural | 0.00470271 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of emamectin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Flutriafol | Emissions to soil | agricultural | 0.09221 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of flutriafol applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Flutriafol | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.006660000000000001 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of flutriafol applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Glyphosate | Emission to soil | agricultural | 1.595233 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of glyphosate applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Glyphosate | Emissions to water | river | 0.0021279 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of glyphosate applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Glyphosate | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.11521800000000001 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of glyphosate applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Glyphosate | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0173 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of glyphosate applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Haloxyfop | Emissions to water | river | 0.000025583999999999998 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of haloxyfop applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Haloxyfop | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.00138528 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of haloxyfop applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Haloxyfop | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.000208 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of haloxyfop applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Haloxyfop | Emissions to soil | agricultural | 0.019179679999999998 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of haloxyfop applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | Emissions to water | river | 0.00000738 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | Emission to soil | agricultural | 0.0055325999999999995 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | Emission to air | low population density | 0.00006 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.00039960000000000006 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Lead (II) | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.0001665557397504 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Lead (II) | Emissions to soil | agricultural | 0.00012993 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 2 Uncertainty. Mass of metal lead contained in fertilizer x fraction released in soil. Source: |
| Manganese (II) | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.000410632814592 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Mercury (II) | Emissions to soil | agricultural | 0.00000054915 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 2 Uncertainty. Mass of metal mercury contained in fertilizer x fraction released in soil. Source: |
| Mercury (II) | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.0000425983574016 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Methane, non-fossil | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Methane emission from water storage for irrigation Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Methane, non-fossil | Emission to air | low population density | 0.71618968092672 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x carbon content x CH4 emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 1.6302045985505282 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x carbon content x NMVOC emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Nickel (II) | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.0000587166547968 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Nitrate | Emission to water | river | 28.9221334036992 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) Fertilizers leaching. Nitrous oxide emissions. Calculated as: Total mass of N applied x fraction of N available for leaching x fraction of N leaching from NIR x (1-N reemitted to air) x conversion factor.NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Nitrogen oxides | Emission to air | low population density | 0.8481294581759999 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Nitrogen oxides | Emission to air | low population density | 2.3834126358282237 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x nitrogen content above ground x NOx emission factor x conversion factor Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Particulates, < 10 um | Emission to air | low population density | 3.2620363776 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Phosphate | Emission to water | ground water | 0.07625520000000001 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) 1.51 Uncertainty. Phosphorus leaching to ground water 0.07kg P per ha.a as phosphate PO4. Ecoinvent report on agriculture. |
| Phosphate | Emission to water | surface water | 0.06556271329999999 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) 1.51 Uncertainty. Phosphorus run-off to surface waters. 2.3 is used to convert P quantity to P2O5. Nemecek 2007 ecoinvent methodology. |
| Phosphorus | Emission to water | river | 0.016850906349753603 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) 1.51 Uncertainty. Phosphorus emissions through erosion by water to surface waters. ecoinvent report on agriculture. |
| Selenium IV | Emission to air | low population density | 0.000016310181888 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Soil loss by erosion into water | Emissions to water | — | 12832.332960000002 | kg | (1,3,3,1,1,na) - 1.05 Uncertainty. [kg ha-1 y-1] Average annual soil erosions to water. Based on revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE)2016/Teng, H. et.al. |
| Sulfoxaflor | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.0005 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Sulfoxaflor applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Sulfoxaflor | Emissions to soil | agricultural | 0.046105 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Sulfoxaflor applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Sulfoxaflor | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.0033300000000000005 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Sulfoxaflor applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Sulfoxaflor | Emissions to water | river | 0.0000615 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of Sulfoxaflor applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| TOC, Total Organic Carbon | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 2.1107294208 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Trifluralin | Emission to soil | agricultural | 0.8852159999999999 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of trifluralin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Trifluralin | Emissions to soil | forestry | 0.063936 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of trifluralin applied to field that is lost as emissions to agricultural soil. Calculated as: mass applied to field * (fraction lost to agricultural soil where crop is being grown + fraction lost to other agricultural lands (off-field)). Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Trifluralin | Emission to air | low population density | 0.0096 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of trifluralin applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Trifluralin | Emissions to water | river | 0.0011807999999999999 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of trifluralin applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Zinc (II) | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.0002740110557184 | kg | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - 1.5 Uncertainty.Emissions from burning residues = yield x quantity of plant residue x fraction of residues remaining at time of burning x dry matter content x burning efficiency x fraction burnt* emission factor from NPI workbook/1000. (pg 13 Environment Australia, Aggregated Emmissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires.1999) Source: NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| flutriafol | Emissions to air | low. pop. | 0.001 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of flutriafol applied to field that is lost as emissions to air. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to air. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| flutriafol | Emissions to water | river | 0.000123 | kg | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -1.09 Uncertainty. Fraction of flutriafol applied to field that is lost as emissions to fresh water. Calculated as: mass applied to field * fraction lost as emissions to water. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| hydrogen ions | Emissions to soil | agricultural | -0.000000000000000013877787807814457 | kg | (4,3,1,1,1,na) - 1.22 Uncertainty. Acidity added due to the entire crop system. Crops addition, fertiliser addition, imported crop addition and addition from lime. Calculated as: sum of all acidity sources Source: |
Parameters
| Name | Value | Formula | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EFC_lime | 0.12 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) -[kgC /kg] Emission factor for lime - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025) |
| P_crop | 698.0 | — | (1,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - CSIRO, 2025 |
| FracOF_NatSoil | 0.0666 | — | (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI deposited to natural soils - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI |
| NAAR_Crop | -0.45121799999999995 | (AshAlkalinity_crop*m_grain+AshAlkalinity_straw*m_straw)/1000 | [kgH+] Acidity added due to plant removal - Calculated |
| EF_TOC | 5.5 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| Hg_in_UAN | 0.000297 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Mercury content (only accounting for Cd content in Urea, which is 35% of UAN) - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| Methane_in_burn | 1.97001412608 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CH4*44/12 | [kgCO2] Methane as CO2 for balance purposes - Calculated |
| NCag_residue | 0.009 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of above-ground canola crop residue - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| N_in_UAN | 0.32 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Nitrogen fraction in UAN - |
| NCbg_residue | 0.01 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of below-ground canola crop residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Pb_in_MAP | 3.1 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg] Lead content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| PRPY_appl | 0.5 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of Propyzamide applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| FracRainb600mm | 0.106 | — | (1,1,1,1,1,na) - Percentage of cultivation area with rainfall <600mm - SILO, Queensland Government, 2024 |
| Nb_Harvesting_200kW | 1.0 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number harvesting events, <200kW combine - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| EF_Carbon_monoxide | 59.0 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| AF_UAN0L | — | — | (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of UAN with 0 % leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016 |
| N_in_urea | 0.46 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Nitrogen fraction in urea - |
| All_Eco | 99.25931143512322 | (m_grain*P_crop)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_crop)*100 | [%] Economic allocation fraction for seed - default for AusLCI - Calculated |
| Nb_Cultivating | — | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of cultivations - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| M_MAP | 41.4 | — | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - [kg] Quantity of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) applied - Baldock 2012 |
| RUSLE_K | 0.0269 | — | (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [t ha hr ha-1 MJ-1 mm-1] K= Soil erodibility factor - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2017 |
| Lime_purity | 0.9 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025). |
| CARF_appl | 0.008 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of carfentrazone-ethyl applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| ED_crop | 28.8 | — | (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] Energy density of canola crop - Feedipedia |
| AF_UAN100L | 0.036 | — | (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of UAN with 100 % leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016 |
| EF_Oxides_of_nitrogen | 2.21 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| AshAlkalinity_Straw | 0.4 | — | (4,3,1,1,1,na) - [kmol/t] Alkalinity of straw co-product removed - Baldock et al. 2009. Building a foundation for soil condition assessment. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report. |
| EFburn_CO | 0.078 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| All_Grain | 99.25931143512322 | iff(Allocation=2; All_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Mass;All_Eco)) | Allocation to wheat - Switch |
| EFN_residues | 0.005 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] IPCC emission factor for N emissions from residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EF_Antimony | 0.000391 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| Nb_Aerial | 1.0 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number aerial spraying events - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| DLUC_value | — | — | (2,2,1,1,1,na) - [tCO2eq/ha/year] Annual direct CO2 emissions from land use change - Blonk 2016 |
| Replace2ndGlyphosate | — | iff(No_add_tillage>1;No_add_tillage-1;0) | Additional tillage - Switch |
| BIFE_appl | 0.01 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of bifenthrin applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| EF_Copper | 0.000187 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| RUSLE | 12.832332960000002 | RUSLE_R*RUSLE_K*RUSLE_LS*RUSLE_P*RUSLE_C | [t/ha/y] Average anual soil erosions to water. ) - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra etal 2016 |
| EF_Manganese | 0.00107 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| EF_Chromium_VI | 0.000264 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| NAAR_Cropimport | — | 0 | [kgH+] kg H+ accounts and nitrogen irons imported with other biogenic material such as stubble or compost from outside the field - Calculated |
| Fresremaining | 0.5 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction remaining at the time of burning for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EF_Lead | 0.000434 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| EFN_leachS | 0.011 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] IPCC emission factor for N leaching and runoff from synthetic fertiliser - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| m_grain | 1817.0 | yield-Seed_input | [kg] Total wet mass of grain - Calculated |
| m_straw | 189.28 | yield*Res_crop*fremoved | [kg] Total wet mass of straw - Calculated |
| M_UAN | — | — | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - [kg] Quantity of urea and ammonium nitrate (UAN) applied, calculated using the Generic Yield and N Calculator - Baldock 2012 |
| EFN_DS_nonirrc_a600mm | 0.008 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied on non-irrigated crop with rainfall >600mm - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| NAAR_Tot | -0.06447708479999997 | NAAR_Crop + NAAR_Cropimport+NAAR_fert | [kgH+] Total mass of H+ added due to the system - Net addition (-ve = subtraction) of H+ in kg - Calculated |
| PbFERT | 0.00012993 | (M_MAP*Pb_in_MAP+ M_Urea_Tot*Pb_in_Urea+M_UAN*Pb_in_UAN)*1e-6 | [kgPb] Total amount of Pb applied: mass of fertilizer x Pbcontent in fertilizer - Calculated |
| EF_Selenium | 0.0000425 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| CC_crop | 0.4 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for canola crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| All_Straw_Mass | 9.085928307975047 | (straw_DM)/(straw_DM+grain_DM)*100 | [%] Mass allocation fraction for straw - Calculated |
| Carbon_Straw | 255.67942400000004 | Straw_DM*CC_residue*44/12 | [kgCO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by straw - Calculated |
| DLUC_switch | — | — | By default the switch is set to 0 to not include direct land use change. To include the value for direct land use change set the switch to 1. Direct land use change calculation approach is still uncertain - |
| FLUT_appl | 0.1 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of flutriafol applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| AF_Urea0L | — | — | (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of MAP with 100% leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016 |
| Nb_Liming | 0.25 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of liming events - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| Cd_in_MAP | 4.1 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Cadmium content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| AF_MAP100L | 0.072 | — | (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of urea with 0 % leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016 |
| CUrea | 31.8 | (M_Urea_Tot+(M_UAN*Urea_in_UAN))*C_in_Urea | [kgC] Total mass of carbon applied through urea. Calculated as: mass of urea x carbon content in urea - Calculated |
| Soil_C_Change_Switch | — | — | By default the switch is set to 0 to not soil carbon change. To include the value for soil carbon change set the switch to 1. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care. - |
| AF_Lime | -0.02 | — | (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+] Acid factor of lime - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016 |
| EF_Particulate_matter | 8.5 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| Pb_in_Urea | 0.01 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg] Lead content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| FracN_Leach | 0.24 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgN] Default fraction of N lost through leaching and runoff - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| C_in_urea | 0.2 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - C content in urea - |
| Straw_DM | 174.32688000000002 | m_straw*DM_residue | [kg] Total dry mass of straw - Calculated |
| fracS_Pb | 1.0 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil - |
| Dam_area | — | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) -[ha] Surface area of farm dams for irrigation - ABARES land use classification, ausdams.org |
| Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain | 2793.1723335405636 | (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw)*All_Grain/100 | [kgCO2eq] Biogenic carbon exported in canola - Calculated |
| Grain_DM | 1744.32 | m_grain*DM_Crop | [kg] Total dry mass of grain - Calculated |
| CC_residue | 0.4 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for canola straw - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| CLOP_appl | 0.075 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of clopyralid applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Seed_input | 3.0 | — | (3,3,2,3,2,na) - [kg/ha] of seed - |
| All_Straw | 0.7406885648767737 | iff(Allocation=2; All_straw_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_straw_Mass;All_straw_Eco)) | Allocation to straw - Switch |
| EF_Cobalt | 0.0000935 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| No_add_tillage | 0.5469999999999999 | Frac_No_till*0+Frac_Min_till*1+Frac_Multi_till*2 | Additional tillage - Switch |
| All_Straw_En | 6.154874912804 | (straw_DM*ed_straw)/(ed_Straw*straw_DM+grain_DM*ED_crop)*100 | [%] Allocation to straw based on energy content - Calculated |
| Total_area | 38900.0 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) - [ha] Total area - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017-2022 |
| TRIF_appl | 0.96 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of trifluralin applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Inc_LegumeN | 1.0 | — | Set to 1 to account for legume N supply in the region. Included by default. Set to 0 to exclude the benefits of legume N in the region |
| LCYT_appl | 0.006 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of lambda-cyhalothrin applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Allocation | 1.0 | — | Allocation switch, 1 = Economic alocation (default for AusLCI), 2 = Energy allocation, 3 = Mass allocation, - |
| CT_frac | 0.04 | — | Fraction of the region managed with controlled traffic - CSIRO practice survey |
| AF_Urea | 0.0030758399999999994 | AF_Urea0L*(1-FracN_Leach*FracWET)+AF_Urea100L*(FracN_Leach*FracWET) | [kmolH+/kgN] Acid factor of urea taking account of the fraction of N being leached - Calculated |
| NLegume_frac | 0.9 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional of N supplied via legume N from rotation with legume crops. |
| Surface | 1.0 | — | [ha] - |
| NFERT | 77.28 | M_MAP*N_in_MAP+M_Urea_Tot*N_in_Urea+M_UAN*N_in_UAN | [kg N] Total mass of N applied. Calculated as: sum of (mass of nitrogen fertilizer x nitrogen content) - Calculated |
| AshAlkalinity_Crop | -0.29 | — | (4,3,1,1,1,na) - [kmol/t] Alkalinity of canola removed - Baldock et al. 2009. Building a foundation for soil condition assessment. CSIRO Land and Water Science Report. |
| fracS_Hg | 1.0 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil - |
| fracS_Cd | 1.0 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Fraction of heavy metals from fertilizers released in soil - |
| EF_Mercury | 0.000111 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| ED_Straw | 18.9 | — | (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] energy density of canola straw - Feedipedia |
| FracWet | 0.356 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of area of AER where leaching occurs i.e. evapo-transpiration:rainfall ratio is <0.8 or >1. Climate data sourced from the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia - Climate data sourced from the Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia |
| Frac_Multi_till | 0.186 | — | (3,2,3,2,1,na) - % of area with multiple tillage operations - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018 |
| P_Straw | 50.0 | — | (4,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - |
| M_Urea_tot | 159.0 | Iff(Inc_LegumeN=0;M_urea+M_legumeN/0.46;M_urea)+(M_urea_SOC*Soil_C_Change_switch) | [kg] Total urea applied to field -Swith to inlcude or exclude legume N and also Switch to inlcude soil carbon increase and urea requirements for this. |
| EFburn_CH4 | 0.0035 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CH4 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| M_Urea_SOC | — | Iff(Soil_C_loss<0;(soil_C_Loss/11)/0.46;0) | When soil carbon increases there is a demand for additional nitrogen which is assumed to be supplied by urea. |
| SULF_appl | 0.05 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of Sulfoxaflor applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Carbon_deg_before_burn | 562.4947328000001 | Yield*Res_crop*Fburnt*(1-Fresremaining)*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 | [kgCO2] Carbon emission from residue set to be burnt by degraded before burn - Calculated |
| Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg | 22.499789312000022 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*(1-Burn_efficiency)*Fburnt*CC_residue*44/12 | [kgCO2] Carbon emission from fraction of carbon not burnt in the burn - Calculated |
| AF_MAP0L | 0.036 | — | (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of MAP with 0% leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016 |
| Water_irr | — | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - [ML] Volume of irrigation applied - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| FracOF_AgSoil | 0.0921 | — | (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI deposited on agricultural soil outside the field of application - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI |
| CN_soil_ratio | 10.0 | — | (3,2,4,2,4,na) Soil Carbon:Nitrogen ration - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025) |
| Frac_Min_till | 0.175 | — | (3,2,3,2,1,na) - % of area under no till practices - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018 |
| Replace1stGlyphosate | 0.5469999999999999 | iff(No_add_tillage<1;No_add_tillage;1) | Additional tillage - Switch |
| EFburn_NMVOC | 0.0091 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for NMVOC - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| M_Urea | 159.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,3,na) - [kg] Quantity of urea applied. This is the base amount of urea applied without accounting for N mineralisation that may occur with SOC change. - Baldock 2012 |
| RUSLE_C | 0.0232 | — | (1,3,3,1,1,na) - C = Cover factor - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2020 |
| EFburn_NOx | 0.21 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for NOx - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| FracN_GASF | 0.11 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgN] IPCC default fraction of synthetic fertiliser N that volatilised as NH3- N and NOx-N - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Supply_distance | 200.0 | — | (4,3,1,3,1,na) - [km] average distance to supply farm inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, lime) - |
| Nb_raking | 1.0 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of hay raking opperations - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| EFburn_N2O | 0.0076 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for N2O - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| RUSLE_LS | 13.8 | — | (1,3,3,1,1,na) - L = Slope length factor and S is slope steepness factor - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2018 |
| Carbon_Residue_remaining | 3732.9195903999994 | Yield*Res_crop*((1-Fburnt-Fremoved))*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 | [kgCO2] Carbon emission from residue remaining - Calculated |
| All_Mass | 90.91407169202496 | (grain_DM/(straw_DM+grain_DM))*100 | [%] Mass allocation fraction for seed - Calculated |
| Carbon_Absorb_Residue | 5113.58848 | (Yield*Res_crop*DM_residue*CC_residue)*44/12 | [kgCO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in residue production - Calculated |
| AF_UAN | 0.0030758399999999994 | AF_UAN0L*(1-FracN_Leach*FracWET)+AF_UAN100L*(FracN_Leach*FracWET) | [kmolH+/kgN] Acid factor of UAN taking account of the fraction of N being leached - Calculated |
| Cd_in_Urea | 0.5 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Cadmium content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| FracSoil | 0.83 | — | (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI deposited on agricultural soil on the field of application - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI |
| Res_crop | 2.08 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kg crop residue/kg crop]] Residue/crop ratio for canola - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| P_in_soil | 0.000353 | — | (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [kgP/tsoil] P content in soil in the AER of cropping - Soil and Landscape Grid of Australia |
| CLET_appl | 0.119 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of clethodim applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Carbon_burning | — | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*Fburnt*CC_residue*Burn_efficiency*EFBurn_CO2*44/12 | [kgCO2] Carbon emission from residue burnt - Calculated |
| Urea_in_UAN | 0.326 | — | Fraction of urea ammonium nitrate which is urea. Used to account for Fossil CO2 embbedded in urea. |
| DM_crop | 0.96 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg crop] Dry matter content of canola crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EF_Nickel | 0.000153 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| CdFERT | 0.00024923999999999997 | (M_MAP*Cd_in_MAP+ M_Urea_Tot*Cd_in_Urea+M_UAN*Cd_in_UAN)*1e-6 | [kgCd] Total amount of Cd applied: mass of fertilizer x Cdcontent in fertilizer - Calculated |
| Burn_efficiency | 0.96 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default burning efficiency for residue from crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Hg_in_MAP | 0.01 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Mercury content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| Duration | 1.0 | — | (3,1,1,1,1,na) - [y] duration that one cycle of the crop uses the land, including fallow period. - |
| Frac_No_till | 0.621 | — | (3,2,3,2,1,na) - % of area under low till practices - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2018 |
| Carbon_Grain | 2558.3360000000002 | Grain_DM*CC_crop*44/12 | [kgCO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by grain - Calculated |
| EF_Arsenic | 0.0000255 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| N_in_MAP | 0.1 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Nitrogen fraction in MAP - IFA Fertilizer Industry Federation of Australia Environment report 2010 |
| PFERT | 9.108 | M_MAP*P_in_MAP | [kg P] Total mass of P applied. Calculated as: sum of (mass of phosphorus fertilizer x phosphorus content) - Calculated |
| OTHERDATA | 1.0 | — | OTHER DATA - - |
| soil_NC_frac | 0.09090909090909091 | 1/(10+1) | fraction of N to C in soil, based on a CN ratio of 1:10 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Carbon_balance | 494.12175740928126 | Carbon_Absorb_Crop+Carbon_Absorb_Residue-Carbon_burning-Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg-Carbon_deg_before_burn-Carbon_Residue_remaining-Carbon_Grain-Carbon_Straw-Carbon_monoxide_in_burn-Methane_in_burn | [kgCO2] Balance check of all biogenic carbons - Calculated |
| EFburn_CO2 | — | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO2 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| Nb_Planting_clay20 | 1.0 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of planting operations (soil clay content >20%) - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| Fburnt | 0.22 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of residues burnt for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| HgFERT | 0.00000054915 | (M_MAP*Hg_in_MAP+ M_Urea_Tot*Hg_in_Urea+M_UAN*Hg_in_UAN)*1e-6 | [kgHg] Total amount of Hg applied: mass of fertilizer x Hgcontent in fertilizer - Calculated |
| EF_N_Direct | 0.007459400000000001 | EFN_DS_nonirrc_b600mm*fracRainb600mm+(1-fracRainb600mm)*EFN_DS_nonirrc_a600mm | [kgN2O-N/kgN] N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied to non-irrigated crop, where percentage of cultivation area with rainfall <600mm = ##FRAC <600mm## - National Inventory Report 2014, Vol 1 (2016) climate data source from Queensland Government, 2023 |
| Yield | 1820.0 | — | (1,2,1,1,1,na) -[kg/ha] yield, calculated from five year average ('18 - '22) - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017-2022 |
| Hg_in_Urea | 0.00085 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Mercury content - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| P_in_MAP | 0.22 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Phosphorus fraction in MAP - IFA Fertilizer Industry Federation of Australia Environment report 2010 |
| M_legumeN | 1.1 | 1.1 | [kg] Based on legume fraction in agroecological region 0.0139479181647865 times total N fertilisre 78.6375641330688 |
| HALO_appl | 0.0208 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of haloxyfop applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| N_Mineralised | 5.718181818181818 | Soil_C_loss*soil_NC_frac | [Kg N] The amount of N released from SOC mineralisation - Calculated |
| FracOF_FW | 0.00123 | — | (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI deposited to fresh water - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI |
| All_Straw_Eco | 0.7406885648767737 | (m_straw*P_straw)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_crop)*100 | [%] Economic allocation fraction for straw - default for AusLCI - Calculated |
| Res_ab_crop | 0.33 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kg/kg] Below ground/above ground residue ratio for canola crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| NAAR_FERT | 0.3867409152 | M_MAP*AF_MAP*N_In_MAP+M_Urea_Tot*AF_Urea*N_in_Urea+M_UAN*AF_UAN*N_in_UAN | [kmolH+] Total mass of H+ applied through fertilizers. Calculated as: sum of (mass of nitrogen fertilizer x Acid factor per fertiliser) - Calculated |
| RUSLE_R | 1490.0 | — | (1,3,3,1,1,na) - [MJ mm ha-1 hr-1 y-1] R= Rainfail - runoff erosivity factor. - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2016 |
| EF_Cadmium | 0.000527 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| AF_Urea100L | 0.036 | — | (2,2,2,2,1,na) - [kmolH+/kg N] Acid factor of urea with 100 % leaching - Maintenance Lime Rate Calculator PIRSA, 2016 |
| EFN_DS_nonirrc_b600mm | 0.0029 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] N2O emission factor for direct emissions from synthetic fertilizers applied on non-irrigated crop with rainfall <600mm - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| DM_residue | 0.921 | — | (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg residue] Dry matter content of canola residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EMAM_appl | 0.0051 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of emamectin applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Nb_Spraying | 11.0 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number spraying applications (pre & post-emergence) - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| RUSLE_P | 1.0 | — | (1,3,3,1,1,na) - P = Practice factor - Revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) derrived from GIS layer provided in Teng, Viscarra et al 2019 |
| Nb_Fertilizer | 2.0 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) - Number of fertilizing operations (pre & post-emergence) - AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT adjusted by expert opinion |
| Carbon_monoxide_in_burn | 43.90317195264 | Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CO*44/12 | [kgCO2] Carbon monoxide as CO2 for balance purposes - Calculated |
| EFN_mineral | 0.0041 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN2O-N/kgN] emission factor for N emissions from mineralisations - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| EF_Zinc | 0.000714 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| All_En | 93.845125087196 | (grain_DM*ED_crop/(straw_DM*ED_straw+grain_DM*ED_crop))*100 | [%] Allocation to seed based on energy content - Calculated |
| Fremoved | 0.05 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of the crop removed in the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025). |
| M_Lime | -3.5820602666666645 | NAAR_Tot/(-AF_Lime*lime_purity) | [kg] Mass of lime required to balance out acidity to soil from NAAR. Adjusted to account for the purity of limestone (90% of limestone is lime) - Calculated |
| FracAir | 0.01 | — | (3,2,4,2,4,na) - Primary partitioning fraction of crop protection AI releaesd to air - Calculated using consensus model based on Pest LCI |
| M_PestChem | 3.8338999999999994 | EMAM_appl+BIFE_appl+CARF_appl+CHPY_appl+CLET_appl+CLOP_appl+FLUT_appl+GLYP_appl+HALO_appl+LCYT_appl+PRPY_appl+SULF_appl+TRIF_appl | [g] Cumulative mass of all the pesticides applied on field. - Calculated |
| Pb_in_UAN | 0.0035 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg] Lead content (only accounting for Cd content in Urea, which is 35% of UAN) - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| M_tot_supply | 200.65183973333333 | M_MAP+M_Urea_Tot+M_UAN+M_PestChem+M_Lime | [kg] Total mass of products transported to the farm gate - Calculated |
| GLYP_appl | 1.73 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of glyphosate applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain | -236.58871912893989 | (Carbon_Grain-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain)/(All_Grain/100) | [kgCO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determining product (canola) - Calculated |
| Dam_EF | 201.0 | — | (1,3,2,1,1,na) -[kg] Emission factor for methane emitted from dams (151 kg CH4/ha/year) multipled by the elemental to molecular conversion for methane (1.333) - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025) |
| Soil_C_loss | 62.9 | — | (2,1,1,1,1,na) - [kgC/ha/a] Annual soil carbon change. This value was calculated using APSIM for the agroecological region for the current rotations of crops in this area. The results still contain significant uncertainty and should be used with extreme care - Zhongkui Liu (CSIRO, unpublished) |
| Carbon_Absorb_Crop | 2558.3360000000002 | (((Yield-seed_input)*DM_crop*CC_crop))*44/12 | [kgCO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in grain net grain production (excluding seed input) - Calculated |
| AF_MAP | 0.03907584 | AF_MAP0L*(1-FracN_Leach*FracWET)+AF_MAP100L*(FracN_Leach*FracWET) | [kmolH+/kgN] Acid factor of MAP, taking account of the fraction of N being leached - Calculated |
| EF_Butadieneb | 0.0492 | — | (3,1,5,3,2,na) - [g/kg] emission factor from NPI workbook/1000 - pg 13, Environment Australia, Aggregated Emissions from Prescribed burning and Wildfires, 1999 |
| CHPY_appl | 0.25 | — | (2,2,1,2,2,na) -[kg] Mass of chlorpyrifos applied to field. Source: AgMargins reports/2021/Queensland Government & Farm Gross Margin Guide/2024/SAGIT |
| Cd_in_UAN | 0.175 | — | (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [mg/kg ] Cadmium content (only accounting for Cd content in Urea, which is 35% of UAN) - Vic DPI fertiliser survey 2008 |
| Lime_CO2 | -1.418495865599999 | M_lime*EFC_lime*lime_purity*(44/12) | [kg CO2eq] Direct emissions from lime applied to soil - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025), volume 1, equation 3G_1 |