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Cattle production, Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, SA, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle herd in the Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, SA including pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm The system boundary ends at the field gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - weaners, prime cattle and culled cattle. The direct emissions on the field are also included. Excluded processes: Indirect land use change is not included by default however the details of land use change in Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, SA is included in parameters of the inventory. Remark: This process is an unallocated coproducing process for cattle production in Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, SA and should not be used directly in an LCA. For specific products use the allocated inventory processes for specific products. This inventory has been developed as with support from Australian Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grants for the project ?AusAgLCI - enabling continual improvement of sustainability by life cycle impact assessment (INNOV-033)? which is was undertaken by CSIRO Agriculture and Life Cycle Strategies from 2014-2016. Technology: Average Time period: 2010/11 to 2014/15 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU

Sector
Material
Contributor
—
Last updated
27 Apr 2019
Reference ID
d2e409b0-d0c2-3dab-a777-36028a299e1e

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Documentation

Quantitative reference
Cattle production, Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, SA, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure
Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Creation date
27 Apr 2019
Is copyright protected
No
Is infrastructure process
No
Tags
material
Sources
Land Use of Australia, 2010-11
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2014-15
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment
Farm budgets and costs: Livestock gross margin budgets
Farm Business Planning Tools
Livestock Farm Monitor Project Results 2013/14
National Inventory Report 2013 Volume 1
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00
Rural Solutions SA PIRSA (2015) Farm Gross Margin 2015
Slattery, W, Ridley, A, Windsor, S Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products.
Updated FarmGAS Tools and Support Material

Product outputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Cattle production, Annual Rainfall more than 450mm, SA, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 1.0 kg Unallocation inventory for production of a range of cattle in this region as described in the comment field

Technical inputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Cattle, internal parasite control {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.009374792587410957 Item(s) Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
Chemical, organic {GLO}| market for chemical, organic | Cut-off, U 0.012250434691323581 g Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total cottonseed for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total copra for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total protein pellets for herd.
Diesel {RoW}| market for diesel | Cut-off, U 0.068526 kg Fuel use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Dry season mix, 30% urea, 5.5% P, at production {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.010831926001750786 kg Total dry season lick for herd.
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NSW}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NT}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-QLD}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-SA}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-VIC}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-WA-SWIS}| market for electricity, low voltage | AusLCI, U 0.0 kWh Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.001341709584626932 ha Application of fertiliser to pasture
Forage sorghum, irrigated, Darling Downs QLD {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total forage sorghum grazed by herd.
Molasses, C-grade, at mill gate, {AU-QLD}| sugarcane milling | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total molasses for herd.
Native Pasture hay, Northern Australia {AU}| | AusLCI, U 2.1447216298120235 kg Total hay for herd.
Oat grain, dryland, Mallee, Vic_SA, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total forage oats grazed for herd.
Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}| market for polyurethane, flexible foam | Cut-off, U 0.0718910525978156 g Total weight of ID tags.
Single superphosphate {AU}| market for single superphosphate | AusLCI, U 0.15295489264747023 kg Single superphosphate for pasture improvement
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.21447216298120234 t*km Total transport of inputs to region. All assumed to be by articulated truck
Wet season mix, 0% N 21% P, at production {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total wet season lick for herd.
Wet season mix, 20% GranAm, 40% Kynofos, 40% Salt, at production {AU}| | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total wet season lick for herd.
Wheat grain, dryland, Mallee, Vic_SA, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U 0.0 kg Total wheat for herd.

Elementary flow inputs

Flow Sub-compartment AmountUnitComment
Carbon dioxide, in air in air -2.9769250570576347 kg Net atmospheric CO2 absorbed by production system (if positive) or released (if negative) based on
Occupation, grassland, natural, for livestock grazing — 0.006708547923134659 ha*a Intersection of livestock region (based on SA2 units) and 2010 Land Use Map (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences 2016) for natural and sown pastures
Water, unspecified natural origin, Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU — 0.000015991615604616867 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU — 1.7793392139312907 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU — 0.2969922263253329 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU — 0.0000026691849894437816 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.42238671332872596 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.000003796154158333138 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.000003796154158333138 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.42238671332872596 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South Australian Gulf, SA, AU — 0.0001408360820949521 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in South Australian Gulf, SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South Australian Gulf, SA, AU — 15.670409407267554 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in South Australian Gulf, SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 18.076018361015326 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU — 0.00016245622814813992 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South Western Plateau, WA, AU — 0.000018207811532425916 ML Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in South Western Plateau, WA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, South Western Plateau, WA, AU — 2.025928702923698 l Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in South Western Plateau, WA, AU catchment.

Elementary flow outputs

Flow CompartmentSub-compartment AmountUnitComment
Ammonia Emission to airunspecified 0.008891383378526746 kg NH3 emission
Area grazed Non material emissions— 0.006708547923134659 ha —
Copra feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Cottonseed feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Culled breeders Non material emissions— 0.21368278241891647 kg —
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.00004602598454766787 kg N2O atmospheric deposition
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.001840936391169923 kg Dung and Urine N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide Emission to airunspecified 0.00008284037524562876 kg N2O leaching and runoff
Direct electricity Non material emissions— 0.0 kWh —
Dry lick Non material emissions— 0.010831926001750786 kg —
Dung & Urine N2O Non material emissions— 0.001840936391169923 kg —
Enteric methane Non material emissions— 0.3309825572845626 kg —
Evaporative water loss Non material emissions— 0.34395707618395466 m3 —
Hay feed Non material emissions— 2.1447216298120235 kg —
Indirect N2O atm dep Non material emissions— 0.00004602598454766787 kg —
Indirect N2O leaching Non material emissions— 0.00008284037524562876 kg —
Livestock numbers Non material emissions— 696036.0 Item(s) —
Manure methane Non material emissions— 0.000078313534537917 kg —
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airunspecified 0.3309825572845626 kg Enteric Methane
Methane, non-fossil Emission to airunspecified 0.000078313534537917 kg Manure Methane
Molasses feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Nitrogen Emission to waterground water 0.00697631051716559 kg N leached from Dung and Urine
Oats feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
P fertiliser Non material emissions— 0.15295489264747023 kg —
Prime cattle Non material emissions— 0.2989229579362598 kg —
Protein pellets feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Quantity of livestock Non material emissions— 156324738.53 kg —
Silage feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Sorghum feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Transportation to farm Non material emissions— 0.21447216298120234 t*km —
Water intake of livestock Non material emissions— 0.038271074586520855 m3 —
Weaners Non material emissions— 0.48739425964482375 kg —
Wet lick Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
Wheat feed Non material emissions— 0.0 kg —
hydrogen ions Emissions to soil— -0.0011611751577563954 kg Net change in H ions due to imports (feriliser, feeds) to and exports (cattle) from the farm

Parameters

NameValueFormulaDescription
MAN_CH4 12242.34281 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Manure methane. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_CulledBreeders_Eco 0.10625807265691388 (KG_CulledBreeders*P_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle - default for AusLCI
Cattle 696036.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of livestock carried for the year using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
P_CulledBreeders 0.756875 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Culled breeders ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
All_PrimeCattle_Eco 0.33976107171467357 (P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI
EF_Ent 0.0215 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Enteric Methane emission factor in kg methane per kg of DMI. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
KM_Protein_pellets 600.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km)
Protein_Pellets — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets fed (kg)
Vaccine_vol 2.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml)
Molasses — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg)
Lime_purity 0.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
ID_tag 25.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g)
Sorghum_graz — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum planed and grazed (ha)
CC_Molasses 0.347 — Carbon content 0.42 of molasses as delivered assuming moisture content of 17.5%
EconomicAll 1.0 — By default this is set to 1 for economic allocation of different cattle classes. For mass allocation set to 0.
All_Weaners_Mass 0.48739425964482375 kg_Weaners/ProductTotal Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
Ent_CH4 51740761.725499995 DMI*EF_Ent enteric methane (kg) based on DMI and emission factor. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
ID_tags 11238350.0 Calves_weaned*ID_tag Weight of ID tags total (g)
Hay 335273048.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg)
Wet_mix — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg)
F_Murray_NSW_VIC_and_SA 0.011036709 — Fraction of Murray, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
Water 5982715728.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year)
All_CulledBreeders_Mass 0.21368278241891647 kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
AF_Cattle 0.34 — Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.).
AF_Cottonseed — — Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
KM_Lick — — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km)
ProductTotal 156324738.53 KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight)
CC_Oats_graz — — Carbon content 0.40 of oats as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
All_Weaners_Eco 0.5539808556284126 (KG_Weaners*P_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattle*KG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreeders*KG_CulledBreeders+KG_Weaners*P_weaners) Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI
SOC_change — — Change in SOC t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer
Vaccine 1915046.0 (Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml).
P_PrimeCattle 1.73 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Prime cattle ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
AF_Protein_Pellets — — Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
DU_N2O 287783.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
P_fert 114.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Anthelmintics 1465512.0 Cows*2+Calves_weaned Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites
Calves_weaned 449534.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number calves weaned using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
LEACH_N2O 12950.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Wet_mix — — Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
DMI 2406547057.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter Intake. (Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
BiogenicCO2 — SOC_change*3.667*HA_GRAZING*0 Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq
C_cattle 7190937.97238 CC_cattle*ProductTotal kg of biogenic carbon in cattle leaving the system as products
C_added -126918281.22762 C_cattle-C_imported Net carbon added by this process, from pasture into cattle less carbon output from cattle via respiration and manure. Assumes soil carbon is stable thorugh the process.
CC_Hay 0.4 — Carbon content 0.44 of hay as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Wheat — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wheat fed (kg)
Evap_water_loss 53769.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML). Potential evaporation from long-term annual Australian 5 km potential evaporation surface (Penman, 1981-2010; Donohue et al, 2013). Dam surface area from regional-scale surface hydrology polygons, Geoscience Australia (Crossman and Li 2015).
Cows 507989.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Elec — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/kg LW cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
CC_Copra 0.45 — Carbon content 0.5 of copra as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KM_Copra 400.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km)
EFN_Leach 0.0075 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O.
NAAR_Cattle 53150.411100200006 producttotal*af_cattle/1000 Change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from export of cattle product
CC_Cottonseed 0.45 — Carbon content 0.50 of cottonseed as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KM_Wheat — — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for wheat (km)
AF_Copra — — Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
HA_GRAZING 1048712.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region (based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Dry_mix 1693298.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg)
AF_Hay -0.7 — Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
ATMOS_N2O 7195.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Cottonseed — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg)
CC_Silage 0.2 — Carbon content 0.44 of silage as delivered assuming moisture content of 55%
F_Southstralian_Gulf_SA 0.409458307 — Fraction of South Australian Gulf, SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
KG_CulledBreeders 33403905.09 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
AF_Wheat — — Acid factor for wheat (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
P_Weaners 1.73 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Weaners ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Oats_graz — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats planted and grazed (ha)
All_PrimeCattle 0.33976107171467357 All_PrimeCattle_Eco*EconomicAll+All_PrimeCattle_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation fraction for culled breeding cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
Silage — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total weight of silage grown and fed (kg)
KM_Molasses 400.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km)
Fuel 0.081 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/kg LW of cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
AF_Molasses — — Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
All_PrimeCattle_Mass 0.2989229579362598 kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle
All_Weaners 0.5539808556284126 All_Weaners_Eco*EconomicAll+All_Weaners_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
F_Eastern_Mount_Lofty_Ranges_SA 0.046493056 — Fraction of Eastern Mount Lofty Ranges, SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
NAAR_Inputs -234670.814024 (Dry_mix*AF_Dry_mix+Wet_mix*AF_Wet_mix+Hay*AF_Hay+Copra*AF_Copra+Molasses*AF_Molasses+Cottonseed*AF_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*AF_Protein_Pellets+Wheat*AF_Wheat)/1000 Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer)
KG_Weaners 76191780.2 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Protein_Pellets 0.405 — Carbon content 0.50 of protein_pellets as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
F_South_Western_Plateau_WA 0.05293629 — Fraction of South Western Plateau, WA, AU catchment in livestock region.
CC_Dry_mix — — Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
F_Lake_Eyre_NSW_QLD_NT_and_SA 0.007760227 — Fraction of Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
AF_Wet_mix — — Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_Sorghum_graz — — Carbon content 0.44 of forage sorghum as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
TotN_LeachGW 1098811.0 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_cattle 0.046 — Carbon content 0.152 of cattle as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
Fuel_use 12662303.82093 Fuel*ProductTotal Fuel used
C_imported 134109219.2 Dry_mix*CC_Dry_mix+Wet_mix*CC_Wet_mix+Hay*CC_Hay+Copra*CC_Copra+Molasses*CC_Molasses+Cottonseed*CC_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*CC_Protein_Pellets+Wheat*CC_Wheat kg of biogenic carbon in imported feed
Tot_P_fert 23910633.6 P_fert*HA_Grazing*PR_fert Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate
TotalTkmRoad 33527304.8 (Dry_mix*KM_Lick+Wet_mix*KM_LICK+Hay*KM_Hay+Copra*KM_Copra+Molasses*KM_Molasses+Cottonseed*KM_Cottonseed+Protein_Pellets*KM_Protein_Pellets+Wheat*KM_Wheat)/1000 Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported for articulated trucks.
PR_fert 0.2 — Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate
KM_Cottonseed 400.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km)
Elec_use — Elec*ProductTotal Electricity used
CC_Wheat 0.36 — Carbon content 0.40 of wheat as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KG_PrimeCattle 46729053.24 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Copra — — (2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg)
All_Culledbreeders 0.10625807265691388 All_CulledBreeders_Eco*EconomicAll+All_CulledBreeders_Mass*(1-EconomicAll) Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
KM_Hay 100.0 — (3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km)
F_South_East_Coast_NSW_VIC_and_SA 0.472315412 — Fraction of South East Coast, NSW, VIC and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
N_LeachGW 1090569.9175 TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach) N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg).
AF_Dry_mix 0.012 — Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).