Canola straw, dryland, Melbourne {AU-VIC}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U

Unit process v00.00.000

This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of canola. The yield is 1919 t/ha. Documentation for this dataset can be found in the 'LCAgMetrics Methodology for developing Life Cycle Inventory' report, available at https://agrifutures.com.au/. (Hume, I., Renouf, M.A., Eady, S.J., Grant, T., 2025). It was developed as part of the LCAgMetrics project, a partnership between Agrifutures Australia and Lifecycles, funded by the Australian Government’s Sustainability Reporting Uplift Grant as part of the National Agriculture Traceability Grants Program. Production Volume: 12613 t/yr. Activities included: This activity starts after the harvest of the previous crop. Activities included are: the inputs of seeds, mineral fertilisers, pesticides and irrigation water, all machine operations and corresponding machine infrastructure and sheds. It is assumed that no organic fertilisers are applied. Machine operations are: soil cultivation, sowing, fertilisation, irrigation, weed control, pest and pathogen control, combine-harvest, and drying of grains. Direct field emissions are included. This activity ends after harvest and drying of grains at the farm gate. Energy values: 28.8MJ/kg (gross). Nutritional values: Protein: 21%. Carbohydrate: 0%. Fat: 46%. Geography: Melbourne Region, VIC, AU. Technology level: Represents current practices as per gross margins reports (AgMargins 2024 & SA Gross Margin Guide 2022). Time period: 2017-2021. Record: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU Generator: Data entry by: Isobel Hume; Tel: +61(0)3 9417 1190; E-mail: office@lifecycles.com.au; Company: Life Cycle Strategies; Country: AU

Sector
Material
Contributor
—
Last updated
30 May 2025
Reference ID
ea2517c5-c097-396d-991a-66b440a66e0c

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Documentation

Quantitative reference
Canola straw, dryland, Melbourne {AU-VIC}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure
Secondray data compiled from publicly available resources. Validated by expert knowledge to represent typical representative practices and inputs.
Creation date
30 May 2025
Is copyright protected
No
Is infrastructure process
No
Tags
material
Sources
—

Product outputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Canola straw, dryland, Melbourne {AU-VIC}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U 279.364904 kg Carbon content, fossil: 0.0 kg C/kg dry mass. Carbon content, non-fossil: 0.4 kg C/kg dry mass. Dry mass: 0.92 kg/kg wet mass. Wet mass: 1 kg/kg wet mass. Heating value, gross: 18.9 MJ/kg

Technical inputs

Flow AmountUnitComment
Canola straw, dryland, Melbourne , biogenic C not balanced {AU-VIC}| canola seed production | AusLCI, U 279.364904 kg —
Carbon correction factor {AU}| | AusLCI, U 93.41962389760002 kg Atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the plant. Calculated.

Parameters

NameValueFormulaDescription
DM_crop 0.88 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg crop] Dry matter content of canola crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Fremoved 0.07 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of the crop removed in the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
m_straw 279.364904 yield*Res_crop*fremoved kg Straw - wet mass -
EFburn_CH4 0.004 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CH4 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
OTHERDATA 1.0 — OTHER DATA - -
Fresremaining 0.5 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction remaining at the time of burning for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
All_Straw_Mass 12.726867185605654 (straw_DM)/(straw_DM+grain_DM)*100 Mass allocation fraction for straw
Grain_DM 1685.8292 m_grain*DM_Crop kg DM of grain -
Carbon_Absorb_Residue 5150.956706133334 (Yield*Res_crop*DM_residue*CC_residue)*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in residue production -
ED_Crop 18.4 — (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] Energy density of canola crop - Feedipedia
P_Straw 20.0 — (4,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne -
EFburn_CO 0.078 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain 2812.6086071182426 (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw)*All_Grain/100 [kg CO2] biogenic carbon exported in canola -
Yield 1918.715 — (1,2,1,1,1,na) -[kg/ha] yield, calculated from five year average ('18 - '22) - Australian Bureau of Statistics 2017-2022
Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg 21.634018165760022 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*(1-Burn_efficiency)*Fburnt*CC_residue*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon emission from fraction of carbon not burnt in the burn kg CO2 -
All_Straw 0.723862076055507 iff(Allocation=2; All_straw_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_straw_Mass;All_straw_Eco)) Allocation to straw -
All_En 87.94223721129242 (grain_DM*ED_Crop)/(straw_DM*ed_Straw+grain_DM*ED_Crop)*100 Allocation fraction for the primary crop based on energy content
All_Grain 99.2761379239445 iff(Allocation=2; All_EN; iff(Allocation =3; All_Mass;All_Eco)) Allocation to wheat -
CC_crop 0.4 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for canola crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
m_grain 1915.715 yield-Seed_input kg Grain - wet mass -
P_Crop 400.0 — (1,1,1,2,1,na) -[AUD] Australian dollars per tonne - CSIRO, 2025
NCbg_residue 0.01 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of below-ground canola crop residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Res_crop 2.08 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kg crop residue/kg crop]] Residue/crop ratio for canola - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Fburnt 0.21 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - Fraction of residues burnt for the AER - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
ED_Straw 17.3 — (1,1,3,3,2,na) -[MJ/kg DM ] energy density of canola straw - Feedipedia
NCag_residue 0.009 — (1,3,2,1,1,na) - [kgN/kgDM] Nitrogen content of above-ground canola crop residue - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon_burning — Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_residue*Fburnt*CC_residue*Burn_efficiency*EFburn_CO2*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue burnt -
Carbon_Straw 360.56696942933337 Straw_DM*CC_residue*44/12 [kg CO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by straw CO2 -
Lime_purity 0.9 — (2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
Carbon_deg_before_burn 540.8504541440001 Yield*Res_crop*Fburnt*(1-Fresremaining)*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue set to be burnt by degraded before burn -
Seed_input 3.0 — (3,3,2,3,2,na) - [kg/ha] of seed -
CC_residue 0.4 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [KgC/kgDM] Carbon mass fraction in dry matter for canola straw - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
All_Straw_En 12.057762788707576 (straw_DM*ed_straw)/(ed_Straw*straw_DM+grain_DM*ED_Crop)*100 Allocation fraction for straw based on energy content
Burn_efficiency 0.96 — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - Default burning efficiency for residue from crop - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain -342.53862095786667 (Carbon_Grain-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_grain)/(All_Grain/100) [kg CO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determning product (canola) -
Straw_DM 245.84111552000002 m_straw*DM_residue kg DM of straw -
Carbon_monoxide_in_burn 40.49888200630273 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CO*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon monoxide as CO2 for balance purposes -
Methane_in_burn 2.0768657439129603 Yield*Res_crop*Fresremaining*DM_crop*Burn_efficiency*Fburnt*CC_residue*EFburn_CH4*44/12 [kg CO2] Methane as CO2 for balance purposes -
Allocation 1.0 — Allocation switch, 1 = Economic alocation (default for AusLCI), 2 = Energy allocation, 3 = Mass allocation, -
All_Mass 87.27313281439434 (grain_DM/(straw_DM+grain_DM))*100 Mass allocation fraction for the primary crop
Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_straw 18.028348471466668 (Carbon_Grain+Carbon_Straw+Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_grain)*All_straw/100 [kg CO2] biogenic carbon exported in canola straw -
Carbon_Absorb_Crop 2472.5494933333334 (((Yield-seed_input)*DM_crop*CC_crop))*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon dioxide absorbtion in grain net grain production (excluding seed input) kg -
Carbon_balance 476.6406882280239 Carbon_Absorb_Crop+Carbon_Absorb_Residue-Carbon_burning-Carbon_not_burnt_in_burn_deg-Carbon_deg_before_burn-Carbon_Residue_remaining-Carbon_Grain-Carbon_Straw-Carbon_monoxide_in_burn-Methane_in_burn Balance check of all biogenic carbons. -
Biogenic_carbon_Allocation_adjust_straw 342.5386209578667 (Carbon_Straw-Biogenic_CO2sent_out_with_straw) [kg CO2] kg carbon correction factor for the determning product (canola) straw -
All_Straw_Eco 0.723862076055507 (m_straw*P_straw)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_Crop)*100 Economic allocation fraction for straw
DM_residue 0.88 — (2,3,3,1,1,na) - [kg dry weight/kg residue] Dry matter content of canola residues - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).
Carbon_Grain 2472.5494933333334 Grain_DM*CC_crop*44/12 [kg CO2] Biogenic carbon absorbed by grain CO2 -
Carbon_Residue_remaining 3708.688828416001 Yield*Res_crop*((1-Fburnt-Fremoved))*DM_residue*CC_residue*44/12 [kg CO2] Carbon emission from residue remaining -
All_Eco 99.2761379239445 (m_grain*P_Crop)/(P_Straw*m_straw+m_grain*P_Crop)*100 Economic allocation fraction for the primary crop
EFburn_CO2 — — (2,3,2,3,1,na) - [Gg element in species/Gg element in fuel burnt] Emission factor from crop residues burning for CO2 - NIR 2023 (DCCEEW, 2025).