Cattle production, Brigalow , QLD, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U

Unit process Australia v00.00.000

Included processes: The inventory begins with the breeding, growing and maintenance of cattle herd in the R322, QLD including pasture, feed inputs, supplements and energy use on farm The system boundary ends at the field gate with the production of cattle for sale in three classes - weaners, prime cattle and culled cattle. The direct emissions on the field are also included. Excluded processes: Indirect land use change is not included by default however the details of land use change in R322, QLD is included in parameters of the inventory. Remark: This process is an unallocated coproducing process for cattle production in R322, QLD and should not be used directly in an LCA. For specific products use the allocated inventory processes for specific products. This inventory has been developed as with support from Australian Government through the National Landcare Programme Innovation Grants for the project ?AusAgLCI - enabling continual improvement of sustainability by life cycle impact assessment (INNOV-033)? which is was undertaken by CSIRO Agriculture and Life Cycle Strategies from 2014-2016. Technology: Average Time period: 2010/11 to 2014/15 Version: 1.0 Record: Data entry by: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU Generator: Generator/publicator: Javi Navarro Tel: ; email: javi.navarro@csiro.au; company:CSIRO; Country: AU

Sector: Material
Contributor: —
Last updated: 27 Apr 2019
Reference ID: f861ccc3-9c34-3007-b1b3-a7e11f77cd8a

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Documentation

Quantitative reference: Cattle production, Brigalow , QLD, at farm {AU}|_obsolete | AusLCI, U
Sampling procedure: Herd structure and product turn-off from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Creation date: 27 Apr 2019
Is copyright protected: No
Is infrastructure process: No
Tags: material
Sources: Land Use of Australia, 2010-11
Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2014-15
Building a foundation for soil condition assessment
Farm budgets and costs: Livestock gross margin budgets
Farm Business Planning Tools
Livestock Farm Monitor Project Results 2013/14
National Inventory Report 2013 Volume 1
Representative Herds Templates for Northern Australia V1.00
Rural Solutions SA PIRSA (2015) Farm Gross Margin 2015
Slattery, W, Ridley, A, Windsor, S Ash alkalinity of animal and plant products.
Updated FarmGAS Tools and Support Material

Product outputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle production, Brigalow , QLD, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	1.0	kg	Unallocation inventory for production of a range of cattle in this region as described in the comment field

Technical inputs

Flow	Amount	Unit	Comment
Cattle, internal parasite control {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.003954260303182533	Item(s)	Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
Chemical, organic {GLO}\| market for chemical, organic \| Cut-off, U	0.009110116539966979	g	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total copra for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total protein pellets for herd.
Cottonseed meal, at oil mill {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total cottonseed for herd.
Diesel {RoW}\| market for diesel \| Cut-off, U	0.06852599999999999	kg	Fuel use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Dry season mix, 30% urea, 5.5% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total dry season lick for herd.
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NSW}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-NT}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-QLD}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.047	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-SA}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-VIC}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Electricity, low voltage {AU-WA-SWIS}\| market for electricity, low voltage \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kWh	Electricity use obtained from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
Fertilizing, broadacre crop, pre & post-emergence, conventional {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	ha	Application of fertiliser to pasture
Forage sorghum, irrigated, Darling Downs QLD {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage sorghum grazed by herd.
Molasses, C-grade, at mill gate, {AU-QLD}\| sugarcane milling \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total molasses for herd.
Native Pasture hay, Northern Australia {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.05535966369027579	kg	Total hay for herd.
Oat grain, dryland, Western Downs and NW Slopes and Plains, NSW_Qld, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total forage oats grazed for herd.
Polyurethane, flexible foam {RoW}\| market for polyurethane, flexible foam \| Cut-off, U	0.04942825378978167	g	Total weight of ID tags.
Single superphosphate {AU}\| market for single superphosphate \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Single superphosphate for pasture improvement
Transport, truck, 28t, fleet average {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.00553596636902758	t*km	Total transport of inputs to region. All assumed to be by articulated truck
Wet season mix, 0% N 21% P, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wet season mix, 20% GranAm, 40% Kynofos, 40% Salt, at production {AU}\| \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wet season lick for herd.
Wheat grain, dryland, Dawson, Qld, at farm {AU}\|_obsolete \| AusLCI, U	0.0	kg	Total wheat for herd.

Elementary flow inputs

Flow	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Carbon dioxide, in air	in air	0.08747249325426215	kg	Net atmospheric CO2 absorbed by production system (if positive) or released (if negative) based on
Occupation, grassland, natural, for livestock grazing	—	0.03030902411769225	ha*a	Intersection of livestock region (based on SA2 units) and 2010 Land Use Map (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences 2016) for natural and sown pastures
Water, unspecified natural origin, Barwon-Darling, NSW, AU	—	0.00003628372168408518	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Barwon-Darling, NSW, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Barwon-Darling, NSW, AU	—	2.3306436873546317	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Barwon-Darling, NSW, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Border Rivers, NSW and QLD, AU	—	14.039532259931057	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Border Rivers, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Border Rivers, NSW and QLD, AU	—	0.00021856900900723672	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Border Rivers, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Burdekin River, QLD, AU	—	18.710523291564375	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Burdekin River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Burdekin River, QLD, AU	—	0.0002912875199920747	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Burdekin River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Burnett and Brisbane River, QLD, AU	—	0.00003464697107415296	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Burnett and Brisbane River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Burnett and Brisbane River, QLD, AU	—	2.225508869321741	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Burnett and Brisbane River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU	—	0.0001048232036618589	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU	—	6.733199533110685	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Fitzroy River, QLD, AU	—	7.902624210637541	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Fitzroy River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Fitzroy River, QLD, AU	—	0.00012302893788030837	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Fitzroy River, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU	—	0.0000013536321809511273	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU	—	0.08694902703207553	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Moonie, QLD, AU	—	0.00017130669040381612	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Moonie, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Moonie, QLD, AU	—	11.003690858051922	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Moonie, QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU	—	0.00000004374650450088698	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU	—	0.0028100070727734633	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU	—	0.8283165778231452	l	Total water use is calculated from cattle drinking water requirements taking account water content of feed and mean ambient temperature occuring in Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.
Water, unspecified natural origin, Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU	—	0.00001289532515807329	ML	Evaporative water loss from farm dam occuring in Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU catchment.

Elementary flow outputs

Flow	Compartment	Sub-compartment	Amount	Unit	Comment
Ammonia	Emission to air	unspecified	0.007605010443696697	kg	NH3 emission
Area grazed	Non material emissions	—	0.03030902411769225	ha	—
Copra feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Cottonseed feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Culled breeders	Non material emissions	—	0.20837077335040374	kg	—
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.00003936711288501819	kg	N2O atmospheric deposition
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0015747129360688947	kg	Dung and Urine N2O
Dinitrogen monoxide	Emission to air	unspecified	0.0	kg	N2O leaching and runoff
Direct electricity	Non material emissions	—	0.047	kWh	—
Dry lick	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Dung & Urine N2O	Non material emissions	—	0.0015747129360688947	kg	—
Enteric methane	Non material emissions	—	0.36276070476807054	kg	—
Evaporative water loss	Non material emissions	—	0.9942387386565222	m3	—
Hay feed	Non material emissions	—	0.05535966369027579	kg	—
Indirect N2O atm dep	Non material emissions	—	0.00003936711288501819	kg	—
Indirect N2O leaching	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Livestock numbers	Non material emissions	—	3744944.0	Item(s)	—
Manure methane	Non material emissions	—	0.00038199785665680606	kg	—
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.36276070476807054	kg	Enteric Methane
Methane, non-fossil	Emission to air	unspecified	0.00038199785665680606	kg	Manure Methane
Molasses feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Nitrogen	Emission to water	ground water	0.0	kg	N leached from Dung and Urine
Oats feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
P fertiliser	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Prime cattle	Non material emissions	—	0.7916292266495962	kg	—
Protein pellets feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Quantity of livestock	Non material emissions	—	668527562.0	kg	—
Silage feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Sorghum feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Transportation to farm	Non material emissions	—	0.00553596636902758	t*km	—
Water intake of livestock	Non material emissions	—	0.0638637971084878	m3	—
Weaners	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Wet lick	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
Wheat feed	Non material emissions	—	0.0	kg	—
hydrogen ions	Emissions to soil	—	0.0003012482354168069	kg	Net change in H ions due to imports (feriliser, feeds) to and exports (cattle) from the farm

Parameters

Name	Value	Formula	Description
F_NE_Coast_other_than_Burd_Fitz_QLD	0.000044	—	Fraction of NE Coast other than Burd., Fitz.,..., QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
N_LeachGW	—	TotN_LeachGW-(TotN_LeachGW*EFN_Leach)	N leached to ground water adjusted for N loss from N2O (kg).
KM_Cottonseed	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for cottonseed (km)
Elec	0.047	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Electricity (kWh/kg LW cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
CC_Sorghum_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.44 of forage sorghum as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
All_PrimeCattle_Eco	0.8209413290374702	(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Prime cattle - default for AusLCI
DMI	11279792072.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Dry matter Intake. (Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
CC_Dry_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of dry season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KG_Weaners	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Weaners sold (kg live weight) - both sexes < 1 year old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_Weaners_Eco	—	(KG_WeanersP_Weaners)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Weaned cattle - default for AusLCI
AF_Cattle	0.34	—	Acid factor for red meat (kMol/kg) based on (Slattery et al.).
F_Warrego_NSW_and_QLD	0.012970049	—	Fraction of Warrego, NSW and QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
Cottonseed	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total cottonseed fed (kg)
KG_PrimeCattle	529225956.9	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Prime cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. steers/bullocks, heifers (2 and 3 year old), calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
F_Burnett_and_Brisbane_River_QLD	0.034847738	—	Fraction of Burnett and Brisbane River, QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
Hay	37009461.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total hay fed (kg)
CC_cattle	0.046	—	Carbon content 0.152 of cattle as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
CC_Wet_mix	—	—	Carbon content 0.0 of wet season mix as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
CC_Wheat	0.36	—	Carbon content 0.40 of wheat as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
Sorghum_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage sorghum planed and grazed (ha)
NAAR_Cattle	227299.37108	producttotal*af_cattle/1000	Change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from export of cattle product
DU_N2O	1052739.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from dung and urine. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Drench	2643533.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of anthelmintic treatments for the herd.
CC_Cottonseed	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.50 of cottonseed as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
PR_fert	—	—	Proportion of grazed area fertilsed with single superphosphate
Evap_water_loss	664676.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Evaporative water loss from farm dams (ML). Potential evaporation from long-term annual Australian 5 km potential evaporation surface (Penman, 1981-2010; Donohue et al, 2013). Dam surface area from regional-scale surface hydrology polygons, Geoscience Australia (Crossman and Li 2015).
All_Weaners	—	All_Weaners_EcoEconomicAll+All_Weaners_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation being used by the inventory after applicaion of economic/mass allocation switch.
Wet_mix	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wet season lick (kg)
EFN_Leach	0.0075	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Emissions factor for proportion of N leached released as N2O.
All_PrimeCattle_Mass	0.7916292266495962	kg_PrimeCattle/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Prime cattle
AF_Molasses	—	—	Acid factor for molasses (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
C_cattle	30752267.851999998	CC_cattle*ProductTotal	kg of biogenic carbon in cattle leaving the system as products
F_Burdekin_River_QLD	0.292975428	—	Fraction of Burdekin River, QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
F_Border_Rivers_NSW_and_QLD	0.219835539	—	Fraction of Border Rivers, NSW and QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
Vaccine_vol	2.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Volume of individual vaccine (ml)
Protein_Pellets	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total protein pellets fed (kg)
Tot_P_fert	—	P_fertHA_GrazingPR_fert	Total fertiliser applied as single superphosphate
ATMOS_N2O	26318.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from N deposited from atmosphere. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Wheat	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total wheat fed (kg)
CC_Copra	0.45	—	Carbon content 0.5 of copra as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
KM_Protein_pellets	600.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for protein_pellets (km)
Fuel	0.081	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fuel (L diesel/kg LW of cattle sold) calculated from economic data reported in farm survey data from ABARES (http://apps.daff.gov.au/MLA/).
ID_tag	25.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Weight of plastic ID tag individual (g)
All_Weaners_Mass	—	kg_Weaners/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
Cows	1723416.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number of cows and heifers mated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
C_imported	14803784.4	Dry_mixCC_Dry_mix+Wet_mixCC_Wet_mix+HayCC_Hay+CopraCC_Copra+MolassesCC_Molasses+CottonseedCC_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsCC_Protein_Pellets+WheatCC_Wheat	kg of biogenic carbon in imported feed
KG_CulledBreeders	139301605.1	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Quantity of Culled cattle sold (kg live weight) ? e.g. mature bulls, cows and spay cows >3 years old, calculated using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Anthelmintics	2643532.0	Cows0+Calves_weaned2	Number of doses of anthelmintic adimistered for internal parasites
Water	42694708581.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total drinking water intake (L/year)
KM_Molasses	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for molasses (km)
CC_Hay	0.4	—	Carbon content 0.44 of hay as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
CC_Oats_graz	—	—	Carbon content 0.40 of oats as delivered assuming moisture content of 70%
All_PrimeCattle	0.8209413290374702	All_PrimeCattle_EcoEconomicAll+All_PrimeCattle_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled breeding cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
C_added	15948483.451999998	C_cattle-C_imported	Net carbon added by this process, from pasture into cattle less carbon output from cattle via respiration and manure. Assumes soil carbon is stable thorugh the process.
Calves_weaned	1321766.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Number calves weaned using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
All_CulledBreeders_Eco	0.17905867096252992	(KG_CulledBreedersP_CulledBreeders)/(P_PrimeCattleKG_PrimeCattle+P_CulledBreedersKG_CulledBreeders+KG_WeanersP_weaners)	Economic allocation fraction for Culled cattle - default for AusLCI
F_Condamine_Balonne_NSW_and_QLD	0.105430617	—	Fraction of Condamine-Balonne, NSW and QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
Cattle	3744944.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total number of livestock carried for the year using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
NAAR_Inputs	-25906.6227	(Dry_mixAF_Dry_mix+Wet_mixAF_Wet_mix+HayAF_Hay+CopraAF_Copra+MolassesAF_Molasses+CottonseedAF_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsAF_Protein_Pellets+WheatAF_Wheat)/1000	Net change in soil acidity (H ion eq) from imported products (feeds, fertilizer)
EF_Ent	0.0215	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Enteric Methane emission factor in kg methane per kg of DMI. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
Copra	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total copra meal fed (kg)
P_PrimeCattle	1.221875	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Prime cattle ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
Dry_mix	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total dry season lick (kg)
F_Lake_Eyre_NSW_QLD_NT_and_SA	0.001361476	—	Fraction of Lake Eyre, NSW, QLD, NT and SA, AU catchment in livestock region.
Silage	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total weight of silage grown and fed (kg)
Molasses	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total molasses fed (kg)
Fuel_use	54150732.522	Fuel*ProductTotal	Fuel used
HA_GRAZING	20262418.0	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Hectares grazing land by Livestock Region (based on SA2 Level data from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
AF_Hay	-0.7	—	Acid factor for hay (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
Oats_graz	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Total area of forage oats planted and grazed (ha)
P_fert	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Fertiliser applied as single superphosphate 8.8% P (kg/ha/year). Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
AF_Wet_mix	—	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in wet season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
TotalTkmRoad	3700946.1	(Dry_mixKM_Lick+Wet_mixKM_LICK+HayKM_Hay+CopraKM_Copra+MolassesKM_Molasses+CottonseedKM_Cottonseed+Protein_PelletsKM_Protein_Pellets+WheatKM_Wheat)/1000	Total transport for inputs to the system in tkm. All assumed to be transported for articulated trucks.
BiogenicCO2	—	SOC_change3.667HA_GRAZING*0	Total SOC change in units of CO2-eq
AF_Copra	—	—	Acid factor for copra (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
MAN_CH4	255376.0958	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg Manure methane. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Vaccine	6090364.0	(Cows+Calves_weaned)*Vaccine_vol	Vaccine administered for clostridial and reproductive diseases (ml).
ProductTotal	668527562.0	KG_PrimeCattle+KG_CulledBreeders+kg_Weaners	Total production of cattle from this process (kg live weight)
AF_Wheat	—	—	Acid factor for wheat (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
EconomicAll	1.0	—	By default this is set to 1 for economic allocation of different cattle classes. For mass allocation set to 0.
KM_Hay	100.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for hay (km)
F_Barwon_Darling_NSW	0.036493973	—	Fraction of Barwon-Darling, NSW, AU catchment in livestock region.
KM_Copra	400.0	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for copra (km)
All_CulledBreeders_Mass	0.20837077335040374	kg_CulledBreeders/ProductTotal	Mass allocation fraction for Culled cattle
KM_Wheat	—	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for wheat (km)
P_CulledBreeders	1.0125	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Culled breeders ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
CC_Silage	0.2	—	Carbon content 0.44 of silage as delivered assuming moisture content of 55%
TotN_LeachGW	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) total N leached to ground water (kg). Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).
Ent_CH4	242515529.54799998	DMI*EF_Ent	enteric methane (kg) based on DMI and emission factor. From (Department of the Environment 2015)
CC_Protein_Pellets	0.405	—	Carbon content 0.50 of protein_pellets as delivered assuming moisture content of 10%
All_Culledbreeders	0.17905867096252992	All_CulledBreeders_EcoEconomicAll+All_CulledBreeders_Mass(1-EconomicAll)	Allocation fraction for culled cattle based on ecnomic allocation of beef - default for AusLCI
P_Weaners	1.8	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) Average price for Weaners ($/kg live weight sold) using Gross Margins from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014).
SOC_change	—	—	Change in SOC t C/ha/year in 0-30cm layer
ID_tags	33044150.0	Calves_weaned*ID_tag	Weight of ID tags total (g)
Lime_purity	0.9	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) - fractional purity of limestone NIR 2023 (DCCEEW 2025).
AF_Dry_mix	0.012	—	Acid factor for urea (kMol/kg) assuming 30% urea in dry season mix, based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
F_Moonie_QLD	0.172299352	—	Fraction of Moonie, QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
F_Fitzroy_River_QLD	0.123741847	—	Fraction of Fitzroy River, QLD, AU catchment in livestock region.
AF_Cottonseed	—	—	Acid factor for cottonseed (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
AF_Protein_Pellets	—	—	Acid factor for protein pellets (kMol/kg) based on (Baldock et al. 2009).
CC_Molasses	0.347	—	Carbon content 0.42 of molasses as delivered assuming moisture content of 17.5%
Elec_use	31420795.414	Elec*ProductTotal	Electricity used
KM_Lick	1052.293202	—	(3,1,1,1,1,na) Estimate of transport distance for dry and wet season lick (km)
LEACH_N2O	—	—	(2,1,1,1,1,na) kg N2O from leached N. Calculated using FarmGAS (Australian Farm Institute 2010) based on methodologies in National Inventory Report (Department of the Environment 2015) using herd structure from Breedcow Beef CRC templates (Holmes et al. 2011), Gross Margin publications (Department of Primary Industries Parks Water and Environment 2015; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries 2016; Rural Solutions SA PIRSA 2015) and farm bench-marking programs (Department of Primary Industries 2014) with total livestock numbers from Agricultural Commodities data for five years from 2010/11-2014/15 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2016).